THE FACULTY OF MATHEMATICS

The Whole Numbers

Generally when numbers are written the numerals are grouped by threes so that it becomes easy for the eye to distinguish them. Thus five millionsix hundred seventy-five thousand four hundred ninety two is written as 5 675 492. The groups of threes are often separated from one another by commas, that is: 5,675,492.

Numbers, when written, are often described by the number of numerals they contain, the number of places. Thus 72 is a two place number and 4895 is a four place number. Four place numbers, especially dates, are often written without commas or spaces, as 1905, 1943.

Addition of Whole Numbers

The addition of two or more numbers is an arithmetic operation by means of which a new number is obtained. This new number contains as many units as are contained in all added numbers taken together. The numbers that are added are known as the addends. The number resulting from addition of two or more numbers is known as the sum. The sign for addition is + (plus).

Addition is best performed when the numbers are written in columns so that units, tens, hundreds, and so forth are written vertically. For example, the sum of 1,562 and 1,891 is obtained, as follows:

1,562

+1,891

3,453

Addition is performed from right to left. We can easily observe that addition of 8 to 35 gives the same result when 35 is added to 8. In either of the operations of addition the sum is 43. So the sum of two or more numbers does not change when the order, in which the numbers are added, is changed.

Subtraction of Whole Numbers

Subtraction is an arithmetic operation by means of which one of the addends is obtained, when the sum and another addend are given. The result is known as the difference of the two given numbers. The number from which another number is to be subtracted is known as the minuend. The number that is subtracted is known as the subtrahend. Subtraction is an operation opposite to addition. The sign is - (minus).

Subtraction of many-place numbers is performed as follows:

-354

We begin subtraction from the right and we subtract the numbers in the same column. Thus: 6 – 4 = 2; 8 – 5 = 3, etc.

Multiplication of Whole Numbers

Multiplication is an arithmetic operation by means of which one number is repeated as an addend until it occurs as many times as it is indicated by another number. There are two numbers involved in multiplication. The result of the operation of multiplication is known as the product. The number which is repeated is known as the multiplicand. The number by which the multiplicand is multiplied is known as the multiplier. The sign is “x“or “×”.

Не знайшли потрібну інформацію? Скористайтесь пошуком google:

Генерація сторінки за: 0.005 сек.