The nominative absolute participial construction with participle II.

The construction consists of the nominal element (a noun in the common case or a pronoun in the nominative case) and participle II which form a syntactical complex, the nominal element and the participle being in subject-predicate relation. The preparation completed, we started off.

The nominative absolute participial construction with participle being has the syntactical function of a detached adverbial modifier of attendant circumstances (a), manner (b), time (c), reason (d), condition (e).

a) The next day I observed you - myself unseen - for half an hour.

She was smoking now, her eyes narrowed thoughtfully.

b) He sat on the sofa, his legs crossed.

c) The duster refolded and restored, he threw his legs across the saddle. “Give it to Harriet, please,” was

then the direction, “and she can put it away.” This said, he turned and fixed his eyes on Mrs. Bretton.

d) We began to talk, but my attention distracted by my surroundings, I took small notice of him.

e) He was a gentleman, but he was passionate, the cup once sipped, would he consent to put it down?

The prepositional absolute construction with participle II.

This construction differs from the discussed above in that it is introduced by the preposition withand its nominal element is hardly ever presented by a pronoun; it is more closely related to the predicate verb and is seldom set off by a comma.

She went on reading with her eyes fixed on the pages of the book.

It is unhealthy to sleep with the windows shut.

The main syntactical function of the construction is that of an adverbial modifier of manner or attendant circumstances.

An additional idea of time, reason, or condition may be prompted by the context, as in: I can’t walk with my leg broken (reason).

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