THE PRONOUN

§ 214. Pronouns are deictic words which point to objects, their properties and relations, their local or temporal reference, or placement without naming them. They constitute a limited class of words (that is a closed system) with numerous subclasses. They are generally differentiated into noun-pronouns (substituting nouns) and adjective-pronouns (substituting adjectives).

Morphological composition and categorical characteristics

§ 215. Pronouns may be of different structure:simple, compound,andcomposite.

Simple pronouns comprise only one morpheme - the stem:

I, you, he, we, etc.; this, that, some, who, all, one, etc.

Compound pronouns comprise more than one stem:

myself, themselves, somebody, everybody, anything, nothing, etc.

Composite pronouns havethe form of a phrase:

each other, one another.

Patterns of morphological change in pronouns vary greatly not only from subclass to subclass, but also within certain subclasses. Some pronouns have the category of number (I - we, this – these), while others have not; some have the category of case expressed in a similar way to that of nouns (somebody – somebody’s), some have a pattern of their own (he - him), and others have no case distinctions at all. Some pronouns have person and gender distinctions, such as personal pronouns, while others have none.

The pronouns also have specials forms to distinguish between animate and inanimate objects. This category is to be found again in personal pronouns (he/she - it), possessive pronouns (himself/herself - itself), conjunctive pronouns (who - what), relative pronouns (who - which), and interrogative pronouns (who - what).

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