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Юриспунденкция

Military Ranks

(US Views)

One big problem throughout military history has been identifying who's in charge. From the earliest days of warfare to the present, special rank badges meant survival. In the heat of battle, knowing who to listen to was as important as the fighting skills soldiers and sailors developed. They had to know at a glance whose shouted orders toobey.

The U.S. military services still use many of the ranks they started with when they began in 1775 at the outbreak of the Revolutionary War. The leaders adopted the organization, regulations and ranks of the British army and navy with just minor changes. This is not surprising because the Revolutionary Army was made up of colonial militia units that had been organized and drilled by British methods for many years.

Revolutionary Army rank insignia, however, did not follow the British patterns but was similar to the insignia used by the French. After the war the U.S. Army often used the uniform styles and some insignia of the British as well as the French armies.

Military rank is more than just who salutes whom. Military rank is a badge of leadership. Responsibility forpersonnel, equipment, and mission grows with each increase in rank.

Officer ranks in the United States military consist of commissioned officers (ComOs)and warrant officers (WOs). The commissioned ranks are the highest in the military. These officers hold presidential commissions and are confirmed at their ranks by the Senate. Army, Air Force and Marine Corps officers are called company grade officers in the pay grades of O-1 to O-3, field grade officers in pay grades O-4 to O-6 and general officers in pay grades O-7 and higher. The equivalent officer groupings in the Navy are called junior grade, mid-grade and flag.

Warrant officers hold warrants from their service secretary and are specialists and experts in certain military technologies or capabilities. The lowest ranking warrant officers serve under a warrant, but they receive commissions from the president upon promotion to chief warrant officer 2. These commissioned warrant officers are direct representatives of the president of the United States. They derive their authority from the same source as commissioned officers but remain specialists, in contrast to commissioned officers, who are generalists. There are no warrant officers in the Air Force.

Non-commissioned officers (NCOs) are servicepeople who have received neither a commission nor a warrant but hold positions requiring responsibility for personnel and its training. They may be sergeants or petty officers in the Navy.

The lowest in the rank are the enlisted personnel. However, depending on their qualification and service aptitudes they are also differentiated in rank.

Do not confuse rank with pay grades, such as E-1, W-2 and O-5. Pay grades are administrative classifications used primarily to standardizecompensation across the military services. The "E" in E-1 stands for "enlisted" while the “1” indicates the pay grade for that position. The other pay categories are “W” for warrant officers and "O" for commissioned officers. Some enlisted pay grades have two ranks.

The Army, for example, has the ranks of corporal and specialist at the pay grade of E-4. A corporal is expected to fill a leadership role and has a higher rank than a specialist even though both receive the same amount of pay.

Pay grade is used in the US military as to normalize the equivalent enlisted and officer ranks respectively. For example, the base pay of an E-8 are the same in the Air Force and the Army. In theory, those two E-8s will have equivalent levels of seniority and responsibility.

The table shows current ranks in the US military service branches, but they can serve as a fair guide throughout the twentieth century. ^{^[53]}

W1	Warrant Officer 1 WO1	Warrant Officer 1 W-1 *The grade of Warrant Officer W-1 is no longer in use.	Warrant Officer 1 WO	NO WARRANT
W2	Chief Warrant Officer 2 CW2	Chief Warrant Officer 2 CWO2	Chief Warrant Officer 2 CWO2	NO WARRANT
W3	Chief Warrant Officer 3 CW3	Chief Warrant Officer 3 CWO3	Chief Warrant Officer 3 CWO3	NO WARRANT
W4	Chief Warrant Officer 4, CW4	Chief Warrant Officer 4, CWO4	Chief Warrant Officer 4, CWO4	NO WARRANT
W5	Chief Warrant Officer CW5	NO CHIEF WARRANT OFFICER CWO5	Chief Warrant Officer 5, CWO5	NO WARRANT


O1	Second Lieutenant 2LT	Ensign, ENS	Second Lieutenant 2nd Lt.	Second Lieutenant 2nd Lt.
O2	First Lieutenant 1LT	Lieutenant Junior Grade, LTJG	First Lieutenant 1st Lt.	First Lieutenant 1st Lt.
O3	Captain CPT	Lieutenant, LT	Captain Capt.	Captain Capt.
O4	Major MAJ	Lieutenant Commander, LCDR	Major Maj.	Major Maj.
O5	Lieutenant Colonel LTC	Commander CDR	Lieutenant Colonel Lt. Col.	Lieutenant Colonel Lt. Col.
O6	Colonel COL	Captain CAPT	Colonel COL	Colonel COL.
O7	Brigadier General BG	Rear Admiral Lower Half RADM (LH)	Brigadier General BG	Brigadier General BG
O8	Major General MG	Rear Admiral Upper Half RADM (UH)	Major General Maj. Gen.	Major General Maj. Gen.
O9	Lieutenant General LTG	Vice Admiral VADM	Lieutenant General Lt. Gen.	Lieutenant General Lt. Gen.
O10	General GEN Army Chief of Staff	Admiral ADM Chief of Naval Operations and Commandant of the Coast Guard	General Gen. Commandant of the Marine Corps	General Gen. Air Force Chief of Staff
	General of the Army (Reserved for wartime only)	Fleet Admiral (Reserved for wartime only)		General of the Air Force (Reserved for wartime only)

s	Answer the questions

1. What groupings of officers do you know?

2. What is the difference between commissioned and non-commissioned officers?

3. What is a warrant?

4. What is the pay scale used for?

5. Are there any ranks for enlisted personnel?

>	Read, decipher and translate abbreviations

GA; BG; VADM; MSGT; GAF; GEN; SCPO; LTG; MG; COL; LTJG; LTC; MAJ; CPT; RADM; 1LT; 2LT; PO1; MWO; RCT; SMAJ; 1SGT; CPT; SFC; MCPO; SSGT; SGT; CPL; PFC; PVT; FADM; ADM; COMMO; CDR; LCDR; LT; ENS; CPO; NCO.

Translate into Ukrainian

Badge of leadership; derive one’s authority; administrative classification; compensation; base pay; service aptitudes; fill a leadership role; hold a warrant; develop fighting skills; identify who's in charge; in the heat of battle; special rank badge; know at a glance; be differentiated in rank; at the outbreak of the Revolutionary War; depending on one’s qualification; follow the British patterns; military experience; confuse rank with pay grades; equivalent officer groupings; hold positions; responsibility for personnel and its training; minor change; shouted order; receive the same amount of pay.

Translate into English

Розрізнятися у військовому званні; відповідальність за особовий склад та його бойову підготовку; службові здібності; в залежності від кваліфікації; службова класифікація; усний наказ; отримувати повноваження; виконувати командні функції; отримувати однакове грошове утримання; грошове забезпечення/утримання; впізнавати командира; незначні зміни; перебувати на посаді; військовий досвід; на початку війни за незалежність; спеціальна ознака військового звання; плутати військове звання зі штатно-посадовою категорією; мінімальне грошове утримання; миттєво впізнавати; використовувати британські зразки; в розпалі битви; розвивати бойові навички; ознака командира; відповідні категорії офіцерського складу; отримувати наказ міністра (СВ, ВПС, ВМС) про присвоєння військового звання ворент-офіцера.

Translate quickly

Виконувати накази; rank insignia; військове вітання; віддавати військове вітання; increase in rank; офіцерське звання; commissioned officer (ComO); ворент-офіцер; hold presidential commission; штатно-посадова категорія (за грошовим утриманням); тарифний розряд; company grade officers; старші офіцери; general officers; молодші офіцери (ВМС); mid-grade officers; адмірали; non-commissioned officers (NCOs); сержант; petty officer (РО); наказ про присвоєння військового звання ворент-офіцера; receive commission; підвищення у військовому званні; specialist; фахівець широкого профілю; enlisted personnel; посада; seniority; одержувати підтвердження Сенатом військового звання; be a direct representative of the president of the United States; військове звання; obey orders; знаки розрізнення за військовим званням; salute; підвищення у військовому званні; officer rank; офіцер; warrant officer (WO); отримати офіцерське звання від президента; pay grade; молодші офіцери; field grade officers; генерали; junior grade officers; старші офіцери (ВМС); flag officers; сержантський і старшинський склад; sergeant (SGT); старшина (ВМС); warrant; отримати офіцерське звання; promotion; спеціаліст (фахівець вузького профілю); generalist; рядовий склад; position; старшинство; be confirmed at one’s rank by the Senate; прямо призначатися президентом США.

A	Build up your vocabulary

rank

Читайте також:

<== попередня сторінка	\|	наступна сторінка ==>
Lesson 12 Military Ranks	\|	Lesson 13 Military Uniform

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