Where Do Passports Come From?

1.invent	винаходити	7.consulate	консульство	13.likely	імовірний
2.search	шукати, пошук	8.vica versa	навпаки	14.tablet	табличка
3. worth	вартий	9.permit	дозволяти	15.medieval	середньовічний
4.entity	буття	10.legitimate	законний	16.enable	давати можливість
5.scrutinize	уважно розглядати	11.boundary	кордон	17.access	доступ
6.embassy	посольство	12.seal	печатка	18.trade	заняття, професія

How old are passports? Who invented them? As some of us prepare to travel (1) _____ this summer & are searchingfor our passports or (2) _____ our first ones, it is worth considering where these all-important pieces of paper (3) _____. They are both much older than we might think, & much younger in their present form.

First, what is a passport? A passport is a paper document that allows its (4) _____ to pass through a border controlled by a (5) _____ entity. Passport officials at a border crossing scrutinize a traveller’s passport to make sure the right person is carrying it. A modern passport includes information about the identity of its holder including their name, nationality, birth date, address &, of course, photograph. Border officials also check to see if a traveller has the (6) _____ to enter the country. Sometimes a traveller needs a visa, which they have to first get from an embassyor consulate of the country to be visited. For example, US citizens who wish to visit China need a visa, as do Chinese visitors to the US. European visitors from many countries who visit the US do not need visas, & vice versa. Border passport officials, after examining a traveller’s passport, usually (7) _____ it with the date of entry. These marks help limit the length of stay of a visitor. Most tourists to the US, for example, can only stay in the country for up to six months & are not permitted to work (8) _____ in the country.

A passport (9) _____ a legitimate authority recognized by officials at the boundary the holder wishes to cross. The oldest passport is said to have been mentioned in the Bible. It mentions an official serving the Persian king having a letter from his ruler that is to allow him to travel freely some 2,500 years ago! Early passports are largely of this (10) _____: a letter from an official asking that the holder be given the right to move safely & freely. Before written letters, tablets, seals or other forms of communication may also have been used. It is likelythat the concept of a passport is even older than Biblical times. The higher the authority signing the letter or tablet, the more (11) _____ it gave to the holder. In medieval times, passport issued by local authorities were used to enable access to towns & cities for trade (12) _____.

	A	B	C	D
1.	broad	abroad	border	frontier
2.	applying into	applying for	applying at	applying with
3.	resulted	rose	finished	originated
4.	carrier	bearer	partner	holder
5.	politician	policy	political	polite
6.	right	rule	law	receipt
7.	offset	stamp	hammer	print
8.	where	as long	while	whereas
9.	represents	depicts	substitutes	epitomizes
10.	character	colour	stripe	nature
11.	path	access	route	approach
12.	wills	ideas	purposes	hopes

5. Read the text below. Match choices (A-H) to (1-5) there are three choices you do not need to use.

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