The adverbial of time

The adverbial of time has four variations:

a) The adverbial of time proper denotes the time of some event.

We shall meet tomorrow. Ten days later she returned. When angry count a hundred.

b) The adverbial of frequency indicates how often the event denoted by the predicate takes place. It is mostly placed before the notional part of the predicate (if it is expressed by an adverb).

I am always careful. We often see each other.

Does he ever visit museums? - Once in a blue moon.

c) The adverbial of duration indicates the period of time during which some event takes place. They are often expressed by prepositional phrases with prepositions for, during, since, till, until. The preposition since denotes the starting point and the preposition till/until - the final point of some period.

Have you been there long? - A couple of hours.The sun gives us light during the day. We are to wait till the end of the exam. He lived to be ninety.

d) The adverbial of time relationship presents the idea of time as related to some other event in time. This adverbial is expressed by such adverbs as still, yet, already, at last, before, after, by a noun, a gerund, or a prepositional phrase with the prepositions by, before, after.

Thus the sentence It was still raining implies that it had been raining for some time before.

He hasn’t given his consent yet means that up to now we do not know anything about his consent.

Here are some other examples of adverbial of time relationship:

Promise to come back by the end of the week.We’ll see about it after classes.

The same relationship can be seen in sentences with participial phrases, as in:

Arthur, having read the letter twice, put it in an envelope. (After he had read the letter twice...)

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Semantic characteristics of the adverbial modifier	\|	The adverbial of manner

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