• Гідрологія і Гідрометрія
• Господарське право
• Економіка будівництва
• Економіка природокористування
• Економічна теорія
• Земельне право
• Історія України
• Кримінально виконавче право
• Медична радіологія
• Методи аналізу
• Міжнародне приватне право
• Міжнародний маркетинг
• Основи екології
• Предмет Політологія
• Соціальне страхування
• Технічні засоби організації дорожнього руху
• Товарознавство продовольчих товарів

Stamping

Stamping or sheet stamping is a cold method of the plastic metal working. A strip or a tape may be used as a billet (half-finished article). Such parts as a watch hand, car bodies, rocket shells are manufactured using stamping.

Stamping provides high productivity: sometimes, a part per second. Alloys of high plasticity (Cu, Al, Mg, Ti) low carbon steel, plastic, leather and other materials undergo stamping.

All stamping operations are carried out by special tools and machines (stamps and presses).

Stamping operations may be classified as forming and separating.

The separating operations are used for cutting of a sheet in tapes and pieces by shears. The shears may be of three main types: straight-blade, guillotine and circle shears (Fig. 4.26).

Fig. 4.26. Separating operations of sheet stamping: a-cutting by guillotine shears;

b-cutting by circle shears; c-blanking; d-piercing; e-notching; 1 – upper knife; 2 – lower knife;

3, 8 – billet; 4 – size restrict; 5 –fixer; 6 – lower die; 7 – upper die; 9 – part (stamping); 10 – waste

Length of the cutting line for straight-blade and guillotine shears is not in excess than horizontal length of the shears L.

The length of the cutting line (of the tape) is not limited when the circle shears are used. The cutting out (blanking) and piercing are making external and inner contours of a part, correspondingly.

Forming operations are plotted in Fig. 4.27.

All these and other operations are made by dies of complex construction. Stamps consist of upper dies, bed dies, upper and bed plates, columns, bushings, springs and other parts. Upper plate is fastened to plunger of a press, bed plate is fasten to a table of the press.

Fig. 4.27. Forming operations of sheet stamping: a-straightening; b-bending; c, d, e-draw-forming,

f-spread forming, g-flanging; 1 – upper die (punch); 2 – lower die; 3 – billet.

Переглядів: 468