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THE UNITED KINGDOM. GEOGRAPHY AND CLIMATE

To the west of the continent of Europe lie two large islands called the British Isles. The larger of these, consisting of England, Scotland and Wales, is known as Great Britain. The smaller island is Ireland, with Northern Ireland and the Irish Republic. To the British Isles belong also some 5,500 smaller islands. The area of the British Isles is 121,600 square miles. The population of Great Britain is about 56 million.

The west coast is washed by the Atlantic Ocean and the Irish Sea, its east coast - by the North Sea, and the south coast - by the English Channel, the narrower part of which is called the Strait of Dover.

England is the southern and central part of Great Britain. Scotland is in the north of the island, and Wales in the west. Northern Ireland is situated in the north-eastern part of Ireland. England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland form the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland with a total area of 94,212 square miles.

Mountains are an important part of the geography of a country. The British Isles have no high mountains. Scotland is a mountainous country, especially in the north. Here the main chain of mountains iscalled the Grampians and its highest peak is Ben Nevis, which is 4,400 feet high and is the highest peak in Britain. In the north we can see the Cheviot Hills, separating England from Scotland. In England the Pennine Chain runs down from the north through the centre. In Wales there are the Cumbrian Mountains, the highest peak of which is Snowdon, in North Wales. It is3,000 feet high. The Cambrian Mountains are famous for the number and beauty of their lakes. There are sixteen lakes here, the larg­est being Windermere. This part of the country, called the Lake District, is the most beau­tiful and the wettest part of Great Britain. The largest lakes in Scotland are Loch Lomond and Loch Ness.

The British Isles have many rivers, but they are not very long. The longest of the English rivers is the Severn, which flows south-west into the Irish Sea. The Thames flows through richagricultural and industrial districts. Scotland's most important river is the Clyde, on which stands Glasgow. Many of the English and Scottish rivers are joined by canals, so that it is possible to travel by water from one end of Great Britain to the other.

There are no great forests in the British Isles today. Historically, the most famous forest is Sherwood Forest, in the east of England, north of London. It was the home of Robin Hood.

The climate of the British Isles is generally mild, not very cold in winter and never hot in summer. The rivers do not freeze in winter, and snow never lies on the ground for long, except in the north, especially in the highlands of Scotland. Sheep and cattle can find food in the meadows all the year round. All parts of the British Isles have a lot of rain in all seasons. In winter, thick fogs cover many parts of Britain. The British Isles are warmed by the Gulf Stream.

The mild and damp climate in the British Isles is very good for agriculture, espe­cially for vegetable-farming, sheep and cattle-farming. Great Britain is more an industrial than an agricultural country. Britain is rich in coal and iron. Next to coal and iron the main minerals found in Great Britain are marble, granite, slate, lead, tin, copper, zinc, salt and china-clay. Gas is found in the North Sea. London, Liverpool and Glasgow are the biggest English ports, Manchester, Birmingham, Edinburgh are main industrial centres. Oxford and Cambridge are main university towns.

Ш. Post-reading stage:

3. Express your agreement with the following statements. Use the phrases:

Exactly so, Surely, I agree with you, It is really so, Of course.

Model: Each session of Parliament is usually opened in the House ofLords by the Queen (King).

Exactly so. Each session of Parliament is usually opened in the House of Lords by the Queen (King).

1. Thered rose is the national emblem of England.

2. Britain's democratic system of government has provided remarkable political sta­bility.

3. The Lords is made up of hereditary and life peers and peeresses.

4. The British cotton industry is centered in Lancashire.

5. Members of the House of Commons receive a salary for their parliamentary work.

6. The warm currents in the Atlantic Ocean influence the climate of Great Britain.

7. "The Englishman's home is his castle" is saying known all over the world.

8. In the House of Lords there is the woolsack upon the Lord Chancellor sits as Speaker of the House.

4. Object to the following statements as in the model. Use one of the following phrases:

On the contrary, It is not quite so; I can't agree with you, You are wrong.

Model: Most of the rivers flow into the Atlantic Sea.

I can't agree with you. Most of the rivers flow into the North Sea.

, 1. The island of Great Britain consists of four main parts.

2. The British Isles are separated from the European Continent by the Atlantic Ocean.

3. The centre of parliamentary power is the House of Lords.

4. The Queen reigns and she rules in Great Britain.

5. There are great forests in the British Isles today.

6. The climate of the British Isles is generally cold.

5. Express your surprise and give short affirmative (negative) answers as in the Model.

The House of Commons is elected by an almost universal adult

suffrage.

Is the House of Commons really elected by an almost universal

adult suffrage?

Yes, it is. No, it is not.

1. There are high mountains in Great Britain.

2. The Government is formed by the party with majority support in the Commons.

3. Textile and clothing make a substantial contribution to the British economy.

4. Britain forms the greater part of the British Isles.

5. Considerable progress was made in agriculture.

6There is no place like home, the English say.

6. Ask your friend all possible questions to the following sentences. Mind tenses.

Model

Highlands of Scotland occupy most of the country.

Do the highlands of Scotland occupy most of the country? What part of the country do the highlands of Scotland occupy? Do the highlands of Scotland occupy most of the country or least of the country? The highlands of Scotland occupy most of the country, don't they?

1. Britain has the largest energy resources in the European community.

2. In 1967 reserves of natural gas were discovered in the North Sea.

3. Britain has to import many raw materials from abroad.

4. The thistle is the national emblem of Scotland.

5. Britain has for centuries lived by its people's enterprise and the advancement of its overseas trade.

6. Britain is a major world producer of oil, natural gas and coal.

7. The proceedings of both houses of Parliament are broadcast on television and radio.

8. As head of the Government the Prime Minister appoints ministers.

7. Say it in English:

1. Влітку південно-східна частина Англії найтепліша.

2. Найхолоднішими частинами з усіх є високогір'я Шотландії.

3. Темза - найглибша річка Англії.

4. Королева призначає прем'єр-міністра.

5. Центром парламентської влади є палата лордів.

6. Великобританія небагата корисними копалинами.

7. Одна з найбільш вражаючих речей в Англії, це швидкість з якою погода змінюється навіть на протязі одного дня.

8. Парламентська процедура базується на правилах датованих ще XVI сто­літтям.

9. Цей закон був прийнятий ще на початку минулого століття.

10. У минулому році Великобританія експортувала майже половину своєї сільськогосподарської продукції.

11. Продуктивність також різко підвищилась в таких галузях промисловості як машинобудування та електротехніка.

IV. Practice Drills:

Читайте також:

1. How Climate Influences on Clothes
2. National Emblems of the United Kingdom
3. THE UNITED KINGDOM.Geographic Location

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