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UNIT 22

The Dynamo and Battery

1. Read and translate the text:

Our homes and towns are supplied with electricity which is generated in great power station. In a motor car the dynamo is the power station. It is usually driven by a belt from the front of the engine, and only works when the engine is running. When the engine is idle, no electricity is generated. On some cars the dynamo is replaced by an alternator but its function is the same.

Without electricity the ignition system would not work, the car could not be started, and there would be no lights for parking or for driving the car at night. This is where the battery does a useful job. It provides a means of storing electricity which can be used when the dynamo is not operating and it must be kept well charged.

Under normal circumstances more current is generated then is needed, to keep the engine running and to operate the other electrical equipment. This extra current is used to charge the battery so that it will always be in good condition. The charging current is controlled by a voltage regulator: this ensures that less charging current is generated when the battery is well charged, and that an increase in the charging current is provided when the battery becomes partly discharged. This is called “compensated voltage control”.

The dynamo and starter are bolted to the engine, and this automatically “earths” them to the chassis.

2. Learn the new words:

to generate – виробляти

power station – електростанція, електроустановка

front – передня сторона

to run – працювати (про машину)

idle – холостий (хід) непрацюючий

alternator – генератор змінного струму

tо replace – замінювати

battery – акумулятор

a means – засіб

storing – накопичення

charged – заряджений

circumstances – обстановка

to keep the engine running – підтримувати роботу двигуна

to operate – працювати, приводити в дію

condition – стан

a voltage regulator – регулятор напруги

tо ensure – забезпечувати, гарантувати

an increase – збільшення, підвищення

compensated voltage control – компенсований контроль напруги

tо bolt – з’єднувати (болтами)

chassis – ходова частина шасі

terminal – клема

wire – дріт (введення)

starter switch – перемикач стартера

3. Give the Ukraine equivalents of the word combinations:

Power station, useful job, means of storing electricity, under normal circumstances, to keep the engine running, to be in good condition, voltage regulator.

4. Answer the questions:

What is the function of the dynamo?

When does the dynamo work?

What is the purpose of the battery?

What current is used to charge the battery?

How is the charging current controlled?

On some cars the dynamo is replaced by an alternator but its function is the same, isn’t it?

Can the ignition system work without electricity?

5. Find in the text the English equivalents to the following words and word combinations:

Електростанція, приводиться в рух за допомогою паса, двигун працює, холостий (непрацюючий) двигун, система запалювання, накопичення електрики, підтримувати роботу двигуна, електричне обладнання, регулятор напруги, генератор змінного струму, компенсований контроль напруги

6. Fill in the blanks with the words:

· Our homes and towns … with electricity.

· Electricity is generated in great …

· The dynamo is …in a motor car

· Without electricity … would not work.

· The battery provides a means of …

· The extra current is used to charge …

· The dynamo and starter are bolted to …

(storing electricity, the engine, the power station, the battery, are supplied, the ignition system power station)

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