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Cali B757 Terrain Crash

The Cali B757 terrain crash was the first accident of a B757. By that time, it was the only airliner that had not had fatal accidents, along with the Concorde. It made clear how human interaction with automated systems in aviation required further improvements, and provided new design opportunities of human-computer collaboration. The accident in Cali had the following contributing factors: lack of situational awareness due to poor information, interaction problems with automated systems, human dependency on automation, work load when manipulating automated systems, and usability issues of critical systems.

German Midair Collision

But if those examples are not enough, we could remember the midair collision in Ueberlingen, Germany in 2002. A DHL cargo B757 collided with a Bashkirian Airlines Tupolev 154 at 35,000 feet. They were the only two aircraft in the controlled sector by Zurich ACC. How could this be possible? This time the controller was not overloaded, and the pilot did not misunderstand his instructions. However, problems with divided attention, high degree of trust in automation systems, macroergonomic issues (shift organization), differences on training due to cultural differences, and decision-making in critical situations were the decisive factors.

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