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American Holidays

In the strict sense, there are no national holidays in the United States. Each of the 50 states has jurisdiction over its holidays. In practice, however, most states observe the federal (“legal”) public holidays, even though the President and Congress can legally designate holidays only for federal government employees.

In 1971, the dates of many federal holidays were official moved to the nearest Monday by then – president Richard Nixon. There are four holidays which are not necessarily celebrated on Mondays:Thanksgiving, New Year’s Day, Independence Day, Christmas. When New Year’s Day, Independence Day, or Christmas falls on a Sunday, the next day is also a holiday. When one of these holidays falls on a Saturday, the previous day is also a holiday.

Federal government offices, including the post office, are always closed on all federal legal holidays. Schools and businesses close on major holidays like Independence Day and Christmas but many not always be closed, for example, onVeterans’ Day.

Federal legal holidays are observed according to the legislation of individual states. The dates of these holidays, and others, are decided upon by state government, not by the federal government. Each state can agree on the same date that the President has proclaimed, such as Thanksgiving. State legislation can also change the date of a holiday for its own special commemoration. There are other “legal” or “public” holidays which are observed at the state or local level. The closing of local government offices and businesses will vary. Whether citizens have the day off from work or not depends on local decisions.

You can thumb through an ordinary calendar and discover many special days i. e. “minor holidays” which are observed by a relatively small number of people or by a particular interest group. For example, “girl Scouts’ Birthday” (March 12), “Citizenship Day” (September 17), “United Nations Day” (October 24) would have limited observance.

Events involving famous Americans, living or dead, have a wider appeal. Many Americans may have forgotten the exact date when Рresident John F. Kennedy was assassinated (November 22, 1963), but they remember exactly where they were and what they were doing when they first learned about his tragic death. Other days commemorate events which may be personally significant for one generation but have loss relevance for another. For example, Pearl Harbor Day (December 7) marks the day when Japanese Imperial Forces attacked Hawaii in 1941 and brought the U.S. into World War II.

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