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BIOLOGY IN OUR LIFE

Biology is the science of life and people who are engaged in it are called biologists. They study the secrets of living things. Their discoveries are of great value to all mankind.

Biology tells us about our body: how it is constructed and how it functions. It gives us important information about other living things and how their lives affect mankind. Knowledge of biology will help you to keep healthy. It will be your guide in solving many of everyday living and scientific problems.

Biologists made a great contribution to science. They increased our food supply, they developed new and better varieties of plants and animals. Scientific methods of farming gave us much more food. Biologists control many diseases. They saved millions of lives by discovering the causes of these diseases and methods of prevention and cure. Vaccines, penicillin and other antibiotics are products of the biological laboratory.

Biologists solved many mysteries of the body. They discovered how blood circulates, how food is digested and many other secrets of life. They are now working in different fields of biology and their studies may lead to a solution of many problems.

A biologist's laboratory is a fascinating place. In it you may find a variety of plants and animals, some of which are invisible to the naked eye. There are powerful microscopes and other instruments. One of the most important tools of a scientist is his laboratory notebook. He always keeps very complete and accurate records of his observations and experiments.

In carrying out his work biologists use the scientific method that is:

1) They find out everything that is known about the problem by reading or by discussing the matter with others.

2) They think of several possible explanations or solutions. Some of these will prove to be wrong. One or more of the others may be right.

3) They test all the possibilities by experiments. They repeat the experiment several times. They make every effort to prevent errors.

4) When they reach a conclusion, they inform other scientists who may repeat the work.

Notes to the text:

to be of great value – мати велике значення, цінність

to keep healthy – бути здоровим

to make a contribution – зробити внесок

to be acquainted with – бути ознайомленим з

according to – згідно з

to do one's best – старатися

3. Translate the following words bearing in mind the meaning of the affixes and memorize them:

to engage (v), engagement (n)

to discover {v)), discoverer (n), discovery (n)

to value (v), value (n), valuable (adj)

to construct (v), construction (n), constructive (adj)

importance (n), important (adj)

to know (v), knowledge (n)

to develop (v), developer (n), development (n)

to vary (v), variety (n); variation (n), various (adj), variable (adj)

to acquaint (v), acquaintance (n) mystery (n), mysterious (adj)

to observe (v), observer (n), observation (n)

to specialize (v), specialist (n), speciality (n), special (adj)

4. State the parts of speech and underline the suffixes:

science, information, to function, engagement, to circulate, biological, preventive, digestion, constructor, possibility, to repeat, knowledge, various, specialize, to inform

5. Supply the three forms of the following verbs:

to tell, to say, to speak, to give, to keep, to make, to lead, to begin, to be, to do, to choose, to know

6. Define the tense of the predicate and put the sentences into the interrogative and negative forms:

1) He is a good biologist.

2) These scientists work at a very interesting problem.

3) He solved this difficult problem.

4) My teacher developed a new plant.

5) They began to investigate this problem last year.

6) Animals and plants live under different conditions.

7) Life exists in many places on the earth.

8) Some animals can exist under the immense pressure of the deep seas.

9) Biologists solved many mysteries of the body.

10) Students of the biological faculty study different subjects.

7. Read and translate the text and reproduce it:

I am a student of the Faculty of Natural Sciences. Our faculty is one of the largest faculties of the University. We study different subjects: Botany, Anatomy, Microbiology and many others. Besides these subjects we study Economy, Philosophy and English. We study English to be able to read scientific books on biology.

There are many departments in our faculty: of botany, of zoology, of microbiology, of physiology of man and animals, of physiology of plants, of genetics, of soil science, of conservation of nature, of bionics, etc. Besides there are research laboratories and museums. Every student has an opportunity to work in modern, well-equipped laboratories, where different problems of biology are under investigation.

Students are acquainted with all branches of biology. They are lectured in various subjects of natural science, namely botany, zoology, anatomy, microbiology, biophysics, biochemistry, soil science, bionics, genetics.

During the first two years they attend lectures on mathematics, physics, chemistry, political subjects and foreign languages. In the third year more narrow specialization begins. They have several specialized courses and additional practical and research work in the subject they chose as their future speciality. Besides attending lectures they may join some scientific circle and choose a problem to work on according to their bents. All of them know that biology is the science of glorious past and great future. They do their best to acquire as much knowledge as possible.

Graduates of the biological faculty are assigned to work at laboratories, schools, research institutes. Those who have a bent for research work may apply for a post-graduate course of study.

8. Translate the text without a dictionary trying to guess the meaning of the unfamiliar words from the context:

Biology gives us an acquaintance with the world of living things and an understanding of some of the great fundamental laws and processes of nature. There are many special fields of knowledge and many phases and principles to which elementary training in general biology is essential.

These include medicine, physiology, agriculture, horticulture, forestry, sanitation, hygiene and many others. Because man is an organism subject to the same laws which govern all living things and is built according to the same plan as other higher animals, an elementary knowledge of biology gives us a basis for an understanding of our own body.

9. Translate the following into English:

Біологія – наука про живі організми. Вона вивчає таємниці живої природи: як влаштовані живі організми, як вони функціонують. Результати досліджень біологів мають велике значення для розвитку багатьох галузей науки. Відкриття біологів допомагають розв’язати багато проблем сучасної науки, зрозуміти взаємозв’язок (interrelation) між живими організмами та оточуючим середовищем (environment). Визначення сутності життя (essence of life) – одне з провідних завдань загальної біології.

10. Get ready for the following imaginary situations:

1. You are the Dean of the biological faculty. Tomorrow you are to speak to the first-year students. What would you tell them? What would you wish your future students?

2. Students of various faculties meet at a tourist camp. Everybody speaks about the importance of the science he studies. Prove that biology is the most vital of all the sciences.

3. You are to write a report about the work of the biologists of your faculty. You wrote a little. Ring your friends up, tell them what you already wrote and ask them what can be added.

4. You are discussing hobbies and professional interests with your friends. Tell your new friends about your hobby groups, clubs and circles of your institute.

5. You are working at a biological laboratory. Suddenly the door opens and a man comes in. “It's a chemical laboratory, isn't it?”, he asks. Tell him about your laboratory and its peculiarities.

Читайте також:

1. BIOLOGY AS A SCIENCE
2. BIOLOGY OF THE CELL
3. Computational Biology
4. MICROBIOLOGY.

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