By narrating a relevant incident.

A new semester has begun, and last week Tom was seen carrying his briefcase and an armload of books toward the library. He must have been headed for an evening of research and study. But unlike most of the younger people milling around him, Tom had a smile on his face and seemed to be headed in the right direction.

Exercise 8.Using the introduction you wrote in exercise 7, write an essay on the topic. In writing your conclusion, choose the kind of ending that is both appropriate and interesting.

KEY CONCEPT: TOPIC SENTENCE A topic sentence is the main idea sentence of a paragraph. Often it is the first sentence in a paragraph

We have talked about the thesis statement and its importance as the main idea sentence of an essay. In fact, we might think of the thesis statement as an umbrella that covers everything we write about in a composition. If the thesis statement is an umbrella, then the topic sentences are the ribs that hold the umbrella up.

Here is an example that illustrates this idea:

THESIS: The success of most businesses is due to three primary factors.

Topic Sentence:The first factor is a clearly defined need in the market.

Topic Sentence:Next, a business must have a well-defined plan to meet that need.

Topic Sentence: The final, and perhaps most important, factor is the ability of the business, its managers and workforce, and its technology to adjust its plan to meet the changing needs of the market.

Does this example look familiar? We can see that it could be an outline. Each of the topic sentences would be the main idea sentence for a different part of the composition. If this is a 5- paragraph essay, these topic sentences will begin a new paragraph.

Thus, every paragraph should have a topic sentence that refers us back to the thesis AND supports the thesis. The details, examples, or story that follow the topic sentence, in turn, support it. This method of organization and development does not change. It is the same for every kind of academic writing. The result of this organization creates a unified, logical essay.

Exercise 9. Write topic sentences for the following thesis statement.

1. THESIS: For many people, earning a university degreein the U.S. provides a number of professional benefits.

II.

III.

Model composition

The Perfect Job

A job is very important to everybody because it is a part of life. In fact, a job helps determine whether people have a happy life or not. Therefore, it is very important that people find the perfect Job. The perfect job should provide three benefits.

First of all, the perfect job should provide good pay. Also, there has to be family health insurance, some savings for retirement, and scholarships for children. For instance, when I worked at the Academy Company, I had a good salary. Therefore, I was encouraged to do my work projects, and I was proud of where I worked and what I worked for. Therefore, a good salary is like good nutrition and is a challenge for working people. If there is enough salary for people, they will work harder to keep their job so that the company can make a profit and grow as a company.

Second, if people like their jobs, most likely they will work harder, invent things, and create new ideas for projects. Consequently, the job can give satisfaction to the employees, the company, society, and the nation. However, if people do not like their jobs, they will not be happy, creative, or productive. For instance, I like to teach children, so when I worked at a school, I went to school early, prepared many things for the children, and thought about many ideas for new projects. As a result, during the class, children were not bored, learned easily, and had fun. Not everyone liked to teach, but I did. What if people do not like to teach but have to teach? It is important for people to like their jobs.

Third, people should like the people they work with. In other words, people have to get along with their co-workers. For example, when I worked at the Academy Company, there were many people in the same office. In the office, a nephew of one of the men was my boss. Our company and my boss's uncle used the same office. The uncle was around 60 years old. Korean people respect their elders. One day this old man called me and asked me to get him a cigarette. At first, I hesitated, but I did it. Moreover, he asked me to bring him one more cigarette and coffee. Not only did he drop the coffee on the floor on purpose, but also he lied about his business matters and acted as though he owned that office. He kept bothering me while I was trying to work. People in the same office should help each other, feel good about each other, and make each other comfortable so that they can have a good time when they work together. What if people are like my boss's uncle? A good relationship is very important because people should work like good team. That is characteristic of the perfect job.

Finally, a job is important to everyone. When people choose a job, not only should they consider the salary and benefits, but they also should enjoy that job and like the people they work with. If the job provides these benefits, it is the perfect job.

KEY CONCEPT: TRANSITIONS Good writers use transition words and transition sentences. Transitions are bridges, or links, between ideas or sentences that make the reader follow the line of thought smoothly

Each method of organization has certain transitional expressions which are commonly used to underline the relationships between the sentences or ideas. The following list shows common transition words often associated with examples:

first, second, etc. in addition (to)

next moreover

and then

finally for example

such as for instance

For a more complete list of these expressions, see the Reference Unit.

Exercise 10. Writing: Take ten minutes and list the things that make your life worth living. You might include receiving a phone call from a friend, talking to your family, or playing your favorite sport. Then, from your list, choose three.

a) Write a thesis statement telling what makes your life worth living.

b) Write an introduction for that thesis.

c) Now write three supporting paragraphs for your thesis statement and a concluding paragraph. Don't forget to use appropriate transitions.

KEY CONCEPT: THE OUTLINE Before we begin writing a formal composition, we need to write an outline. This is a basic skeleton or plan for our ideas. We must organize our thoughts to emphasize their importance, to identify their relationship, and to order them in logical pattern

This organization is necessary whether we are writing a paragraph, a five-paragraph essay, or a research paper. We usually prefer to organize our material in an informal manner; however, at the university level, we are often required to submit a formal outline along with our essay or research paper. First, we should prepare a preliminary, or working, outline, which may change as our paper takes shape. After we have finished our writing process, we may then revise this outline to reflect the final organization of our composition. An outline may be very broad, indicating the main ideas and major supporting details, or it may be very specific, indicating not only the main ideas but also minor details. The type of outline we write is often determined by the length of the paper we are writing.

<== попередня сторінка	\|	наступна сторінка ==>
By quoting.	\|	Sample of a Working Outline

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