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ORRMULUM

Forrþrihht anan se time comm

þatt ure Drihhtin wollde

ben borenn i þiss middellærd

forr all mannkinne nede

he chæs himm sone kinnessmenn

all swillke summ he wollde

& whær he wollde borenn ben

he chæs all att hiss wille.

As soon as the time came

that our Lord wanted

to be born in this middle-earth

for the sake of all mankind,

at once he chose kinsmen for himself,

all just as he wanted,

and he decided that he would be born

exactly where he wished.

(3494-3501)

Seminar 2 (2 ч.) History of English and its Sister Sciences

TEST 1

1. Subject and aims of the course of the history of English.

2. Chronological divisions in the history of English.

3. Language history and systematic approach (the aspects of the language system; productive models vs. unproductive models).

4. History of language and linguistic typology:

Ø the criterion of word-structure (the core features of the inflecting type; the core features of the agglutinating type; the core features of the isolating type);

Ø Technique as the second typological criterion (Synthesis and Analysis).

Ø The typological status of Old English vs Modern English.

5. The Common Germanic Diachronic typological constant.

6. Typological overview of the English vocabulary: the co-existence in the English vocabulary system of the two typologically divergent strata.

Recommended readings:

1. Shaposhnikova I.V. A History of the English Language…, 1997. – Р. 1-14, 22-31.

2. Rastorguyeva T.A. A History of English. – M., 1983. – Р. 49-55.

3. Ilyish B.A. History of the English Language. – L., 1973. – Р. 5-8.

4. The Issues in English Philology. – Irkutsk, 1998. – Р. 15-20

Other references:

Baugh A.C., Th. Cable. A History of the English Language. – London, 1997. – Р. 50-55.

Text 1: Read the text THE RUNIC POEM. Why is the runic alphabet called “futhark”?

(feoh) byþ frofur fira gehwylcum.

Sceal ðeah manna gehwylc miclun hyt dælan

gif he wile for drihtne domes hleotan.

(ur) byþ anmod and oferhyrned,

felafrecne deor, feohteþ mid hornum, 5

mære morstapa; þæt is modig wuht.

(ðorn) byþ ðearle scearp; ðegna gehwylcum

anfeng ys yfyl, ungemetun reþe

manna gehwylcun ðe him mid resteð

(os) byþ ordfruma ælcre spræce, 10

wisdomes wraþu and witena frofur,

and eorla gehwam eadnys and tohiht.

(rad) byþ on recyde rinca gehwylcum

sefte, and swiþhwæt ðam ðe sitteþ on ufan

meare mægenheardum ofer milpaþas. 15

(cen) byþ cwicera gehwam cuþ on fyre,

blac and beorhtlic, byrneþ oftust

ðær hi æþelingas inne restaþ.

F. (wealth) is a comfort to all men; yet must every man bestow it freely,

if he wish to gain honour in the sight of the Lord.

U. (the aurochs) is proud and has great horns; it is a very savage beast

and fights with its horns; a great ranger of the moors, it is a creature of

mettle.

Þ. (the thorn) is exceedingly sharp, an evil thing for any king to touch,

uncommonly severe on all who sit among them.

A. (heathen god) is the source of all language, a pillar of wisdom and a

comfort to wise men, a blessing and a joy to every knight.

R. (a ride) seems easy to every warrior while he is indoors and very

courageous to him who traverses the highroads on the back of a stout

horse.

C. (the torch) is known to every living man by its pale, bright

flame; it always burns where princes sit within.

Text 2: Read a passage from J. Chaucer’s “CANTERBURY TALES” lines 43-78.

A Knight ther was, and that a worthy man

That fro the tyme that he first bigan

To ryden out, he loved chivalrye,

Trouthe and honour, fredom and curteisye.

Ful worthy was he in his lordes werre,

And therto hadde he riden, no man ferre,

As wel in Cristendom as hethenesse,

And ever honoured for his worthinesse. 50

At Alisaundre he was, whan it was wonne;

Ful ofte tyme he hadde the bord bigonne

Aboven alle naciouns in Pruce;

In Lettow hadde he reysed and in Ruce,

No Cristen man so ofte of his degree; 55

In Gernade at the sege eek hadde he be

Of Algezir, and riden in Belmarye;

At Lyeys was he, and at Satalye,

Whan they were wonne; and in the Grete See

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