GRAMMAR

Although the ending "-amar" or "eamar" is common for indicating "we" in the past tense of verbs, the seperate word "muid" (mwid) is used, too. For example: bhuail muid (VWOO-il mwid), we struck; thuig muid (HIG mwid), we understood; cheannaigh muid (HYAN-ee mwid), we bought. Both ways are acceptable. Most moden grammars give the "-mar" ending for their examples, but you should be familiar with the two forms.

VOCABULARY

fág, ag fágáil (faw*g, uh FAW*G-aw*-il) leave. Also in: fág fúmsaé(faw*g FOOM-suh ay*), Leave it to me.

deisigh, ag deisiú(DESH-ee, uh DESH-yoo) repair, "fix"

tóg, ag tógáil (tohg, uh TOHG-aw*-il), take, raise

crith, ag crith (kri), shake

mag, ag magadh (mahg, uh MAHG-uh) mock, "slag" As in: ag magadh fúm (foom), making fun of me.

síl, ag síleadh (sheel, uh SHEEL-uh), think

troid, ag troid (trid, uh trid) fight

léim, ag léim (lay*m, uh lay*m) jump

REFLEX EXPRESSIONS

le tamall (le TAH-muhl), for a while

is fíor sin (is FEE-uhr shin), That's true

le fada (le FAH-duh), for a long time

saor go leor (SAY*-uhr goh LOHR), cheap enough

áitéigin (aw*t AY*-gin) some place

DRILL

We will first review the use of "is" (is). Repeat this sentence group: Céardéseo? (kay*rd) Céardésin? Is leabharé. Is sráidé. Níscoilé.

An boscaé? (BOHSK-uh) Níhea, ach buidéal (nee ha, ahk* bwi- DAY*L). An bordéseo? Is ea.

Now substitute into the sentences Irish words for objects you know. Go through the entire sequence for each word.

Next, repeat this sentence group:

Céhéseo? (kay* hay* shuh) Céhíseo? Céhésin? Céhísin?

IséSeáné(shay* shaw*n ay*). NíhíNóraí.

IséSeán an fear (far). IsíMáire an dochtúir (dohk*-TOO-ir).

Isésin Brian (shay* shin BREE-uhn). Isíseo Cáit (kaw*t).

Iséseo Liam. Isísin Bríd (shee shin breed).

Now substitute into the sentences Irish names that you know from the conversations, and also nouns with "the" before them, such as: the room, the road, the place, the table, the girl, the car, etc.

Then try to add sentences in the past tense to: IséSeán an fear a --. Example: IséSeán an fear a cheannaigh an carr nua. Try verbs such as: caith, cuir, rith, scríobh, etc.

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