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GRAMMAR

The preposition "de" means "off" or sometimes "of". It also serves in some common idioms, such as, "Táim buíoch (BWEE-uhk*) de Sheán", I am thankful to John. "De" aspirates the first consonant of the next word. If "an, the", comes between, the "an" combines with the "da", and aspiration occurs after the combination. An example: Thit séden chapall (hit shay* den K*AHP-uhl), he fell off the horse.

With pronouns, I, you, he, etc., "de" combines to form single words. Learn these:

díom (DEE-uhm), off me

díot (DEE-uht), off you

de (de), off him

di (dee), off her

dínn (deen), off us

díbh (deev), off you (plural)

díobh (DEE-uhv), off them

"De" means "of" in expressions such as:

ceann díobh (kyoun DEE-uhv), one of them

píosa den arán (PEES-uh den uh-RAW*N), a piece of bread

an chuid is mó(k*wid is moh) den pháipéar, most of the paper

Examples of idioms that contain "de" are:

Fiafraigh de cábhfuil Seán (FEE-uh-ree de kaw* vwil shaw*n), Ask him where John is.

Tásébuíoch díot, He is thankful to you.

Táim tuirseach de (TAW*-im toor-SHAHK* de), I am tired of it.

De lóis d'oíche (de loh is DEE-huh), day and night.

De ghnábh (de GNAW*), usually.

DRILL

This is a recognition review of the irregular verbs in present, past, and future tenses. Read the sentences aloud. Do not translate word for word; instead, try to picture the meaning. If you do not remember what some words mean, wait until you have finished all the sentences before you look at the translation below.

Nár chualamar Séamas ag teacht isteach? Nífhaca séa athair ag dul suas an staighre. Béarfaidh siad ar an gcéad léine a fheicfidh siad. Téim go dtían siopa timpeall a séa chlog. An dtiocfaidh séabhaile leat? Nach dtagaimid tríd an tollán agus sinn ag teacht chuig an chathair? Rinneamar rudéigin le tabhairt dó. Nídúirt sílinn go bhfuair síbord nua.Íosfaidh sibh bhur lón ag baile. Gheobhaidh túgloine bainne ar ball. Chonaic ména madraíag rith síos an tsráid.

Translation: Didn't we hear James coming in? He didn't see his father going up the stairs. They will grab the first shirt that they see. I go to the store around six o'clock. Will he come home with you? Don't we come through the tunnel when we come to the city? We made something to give to him. She didn't tell us that she got a new table. You will eat your lunch at home. You will get a glass of milk soon. I saw the dogs running along the street.

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