Relative clauses

In sentences with relative clauses of the type in which the word "who" or "what" is in the nominative case, such as:

I saw the man who collects newspapers; chonaic méan fear a bhailíonn nuachtáin,

you often need to express the negative. In the sentence above, this would be:

Chonaic méan fear nach mbailíonn nuachtáin; I saw the man who doesn't collect newspapers.

"Nach" (nahk*) connects the clauses for the negative, for all tenses except the past, where "nár" (naw*r) takes its place. Even in the past tense, however, the irregular verbs "déan, abair, téigh, feic, faigh, tá" are preceded by "nach".

Read aloud the following examples of "nach" or "nár" usage with the nominative relative structure. Try to develop a general sense of how the relative clause is formed, so that you will be ready for the practice at the end of this lesson:

An aimsir láithreach; the present tense

Seoéan buachaill nach mbearrann séfóséféin; this is the boy who does not shave (himself) yet.

Cuirim sa bhosca na píosaíaráin nach bhfuil ite; I put into the box the pieces of bread that are not eaten.

Tugann sédo Mháire staidéir mhargaidh (STAH-day*r VWAHR-uh-gee) nach n-ordaíonn sí; he gives Máire marketing surveys that she doesn't order.

An aimsir chaite (K*AHT-ye); the past tense

Faighim (FEYE-im) leabhair nár tháinig tríd an bpost; I get books that didn't come through the mail.

Déarfaidh méésin leis an gcigire nár scríobh litir ar bith chugam (HOO-uhm); I will say that to the inspector who didn't write any letter to me.

Nádíol an bhónár ith a féar; don't sell the cow that didn't eat its grass.

For the few irregular verbs that take "nach" in the past tense:

Labhróidh Seán leis an bhfear nach ndearna an obair i gceart; Seán will talk with the man who didn't do the work properly.

Ghlan ména fuinneoga nach raibh briste; I cleaned the windows that weren't broken.

Imeoidh Bláthnaid ar eitilt nach ndeachaigh fós chuig Boston; Bláthnaid will leave on a flight that didn't go to Boston yet.

An aimsir ghnáthcaite; the past habitual tense

Labhraím gach lále múinteoir nach bhfoghlaimíodh an Iodáilis; I talk every day with a teacher who didn't used to study Italian.

Isésin an bus nach dtéadh ar an ardbhóthar; that's the bus that didn't used to go on the highway.

Fuair ména hainmneacha de na páistínach n-óladh bainne; I got the names of the children who didn't used to drink milk.

An aimsir fháistineach; the future tense

Taispeáin dom an duine nach mbeidh ann amárach; show me the person who won't be here tomorrow.

D'éisteamar leis an amhránaínach n-imeoidh roimh an samhradh seo chugainn (rev-uh SOU-ruh shuh HOO-in); we listened to the singer who will not leave before next summer.

An modh coinníollach; the conditional mood

Dúirt séésin le daoine nach gcreidfeadhé; he told that to people who wouldn't believe it.

Sinéan t-iascaire nach rachadh amach taréis meán-lae; that is the fisherman who wouldn't go out after noon.

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