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Irish Lesson 128

Cleachtadh leis an forainm coibhneasta le "is"
(practice with the relative pronoun for "is")

After a review of Ceacht 127, you should be able to put the relative clause to work in expressing thoughts involving the verb "is" in Irish.

Cuir Gaeilge ar na habairtíseo leanas, ar dtús an tuiseal ainmneach:

The chair that I like. The chair you don't like.

A room you would like. The seat you would prefer. The one you wouldn't wish.

Next, an tuiseal tabharthach, or dative case; "to whom" or "with whom" would be a part of the literal translation:

The girls whose house it is (literally: "with whom it is"). The visitors who like the trip (:isáil liom; I like). The cat doesn't like the cold (use "is maith liom" form).

The girls whose house it was. The doctor who would like to be here (use "isáil liom" form). The girls whose house it wouldn't be. The doctor who wouldn't like to be here.

Finally, the tuiseal ginideach or genitive case; "whose" would be a part of the English form:

The inspector whose daughter is a student. A man whose food is bread. The teacher whose son isn't a painter.

The man whose mill was a home. The teacher whose room was an office. The lad whose brother was not a manager. The woman whose husband was not a fisherman.

The key to these phrases:

For the nominative:

An chathaoir is maith liom. An chathaoir nach maith leat.

Seomra ba mhaith leat. An suíochán ab fhearr leat. An ceann nár mhian leat.

For the dative:

Na cailíníar leo an teach. Na cuairteoiríarbáil leo an turas. An cat nach maith leis an fuacht.

Na cailíníar leo an teach. An dochtúir arbháil leis bheith anseo.

Na cailínínár leo an teach. An dochtúir nárbháil leis bheith anseo.

For the genitive:

An cigire ar scólaire a iníon. Fear arb arán a bhia. An múinteoir nar péintéir a mhac.

An fear ar theach a muileann. An múinteoir arbh oifig a sheomra. An buachaill nár bhainisteoir a dheartháir. An bhean nárbh iascaire a fhear céile.

Réamhfhocail; prepositions

The preposition "do" usually means "to" or "for". Sometimes it means movement toward, but usually the meaning is the equivalent of the English "I gave that to him", which is a usage in the dative case.

Expressions indicating a form of possession occur:

Cad is ainm duit? What is your name?

Cad is aois duit? What is your age?

Refusing someone can be: Díultóidh séduit; he will refuse you.

Forgiving someone is: Mhaith sédom; he forgave me.

This réamhfhocail can also carry the meaning of the possessive or genitive. For example, with an t-ainm briathartha or verbal noun, you may say: Ar teacht isteach dom; while I was coming in, or upon my entrance. Ag dul abhaile dom; as I was going home, is another example.

The expression "He is a friend of John" can be "Is cara do Sheáné". Or "He is a son of my uncle" can be "Is mac do m'uncailé." The first word for a person must be indefinite and the second must be definite, such as a person's name or with "the" before it.

Another way of saying this is: Is cara le Séamasé; he is a friend of James.

Two other expressions with "do" are:

Feictear dom; it seems to me. Tuigtear dom; it is my understanding.

The réamhfhocail "le" generally means "with", but can also indicate extent or purpose.

Le déanaí; recently. Le fada; for a long time. Le tamall; for a while.

Beidh séanseo le ceann eile a fháil; he will be here to get another one.

If some activity is to be done in the near or distant future, then:

Táobair le déanamh; there is work to be done. Táceacht le cleachtadh agam; I have a lesson to practice.

Idioms with several verbs need "le":

Aontáim leat; I agree with you. Chuir ségeall liom; he promised me. Fanfaidh séliom; he will wait for me. Thaitin an dráma liom; I liked the play. Díolann sébróga linn; he sells shoes to us.

The réamhfhocail "ó" means "from" in the general sense. It is part of several important expressions, such as: Cad táuait? What do you want? Cad a bhíóSheán? What did Seán want? Creid uaimé; believe me.

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