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Find the answers to the questions.

1. What is software? What files are included in a typical software product?

2. Who creates computer software?

3. How does a programmer “write” software?

4. How does a computer process a program?

5. What are the differences between system software and application program?

Text B: Operating systems and utilities

A computer’s software is like a chain of command in an army. Application software tells the operating system what to do. The operating system tells the device drivers, the device drivers tell the hardware, and the hardware actually does the work. The operating system interacts with application software, device drivers, and hardware to manage a computer’s resources. In addition, many operating systems also influence the “look and feel” of your software, or what’s known as user interface.

The core part of an operating system is called the kernel. In addition to this core, many operating systems provide helpful tools, called operating system utilities, that you can use to control and customize your computer equipment and work environment. Operating systems are informally categorized and characterized using one or more of the following terms: A single- useroperating system expects to deal with one set of input devices – those that can be controlled by one person at a time. A multiuser operating system is designed to deal with input, output, and processing requests from many users. A network operating system provides process and memory management services that allow two or more programs to run simultaneously. A desktop operating system is one that’s designed for a personal computer – either a desktop computer or notebook. Popular desktop operating systems include Windows XP/ 7/ Me and Mac OS. Popular network operating systems include Linux, UNIX, and Solaris. Operating systems for PDAs - Palm OS, Symbian OS - are typically smaller than PC operating systems and can fit in ROM.

Mark the following statements as True or False.

1. The operating system allocates a specific area of RAM for each program that is open and running.

2. The operating system’s small bootstrap program is stored in RAM.

3. Handheld devices, such as PDAs and smartphones typically feature multiuser operating system.

4. A desktop operating system, such as Windows, is designed for personal computers.

5. Utility software is a type of application software designed to perform a specialized task, such as system maintenance or security.

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