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Text D: Robotics

A robot is a computer that outputs motion instead of information. Robotics involves developing mechanical or computer devices than can paint cars, make precision welds, and perform other tasks that require a high degree of precision or are tedious or hazardous for human.

In general, robotic systems can do precise tasks accurately and consistently. Contemporary robotics combines high-precision machine capabilities with sophisticated controlling software and sensors. The controlling software in robots is what is most important in terms of AI. The brain in a advanced industrial robot today works at about ten million instructions per second. To achieve human intelligence, the robot brain must achieve 100 trillion operations per second. These sensors enable the robot to change its motion based on outside stimuli. The sensors can detect light, sound, touch and heat.

Robots have many applications in industry. Manufactures use robots to assemble and paint products. The robots do repetitive tasks without getting bored and careless. Robots are expensive, they work 24 hours per day, do not go on strike, do not show up to work with a hangover and do not require health insurance and pensions. The robots have enabled firms to manufacture quality products and reduce labor costs while shortening delivery time to customers. For this reasons, companies likes robots very much. As robots grow more capable, the opportunity for unskilled and semiskilled employment are sure to decline.

Although robots are essential components of today's automated manufacturing systems, future robots will find applications outside the factory in banks, restaurants, homes and hazardous working environments such as nuclear stations. A robot must not only execute tasks programmed by the user but also be able to interact with its environment through its sensors and actuators, sense and avoid unforeseen obstacles, and perform its duties much the same way humans.

Agree of disagree with the following statements.

1. A robot is a computer that outputs information.

2. Robotics systems don't do precise tasks accurately.

3. Software can detect light, sound and hit.

4. Robots have few applications in industry.

5. Robots are used to assemble and paint cars.

Find the words with the opposite meaning in the text.

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