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Intelligence

In everyday terms we all know what the word “intelligence” means. We use the term to describe certain qualities of behaviour. One of them is the ability to solve problems. When solving a problem we often need infor­mation about it and we may also be under pressure of time to use our knowledge effectively. Sometimes an element of originality is required in everyday prob­lem solving. People who can cope with the problems seem to have supe­rior speed of thought, originality and mental alertness. Such descriptions are most often used by people when asked to say what intelligence means to them. But psychologists do not all agree with them. For instance, is it possible to be intelligent in one situation but not in anoth­er? Sometimes a person is bright and competent at work and uninteresting for friends or relatives. Are there different kinds of intelligence? Detectives, mathematicians and scientists all tend to deal with problems in which they must converge their thinking upon a single correct solution. Economists, politicians and businessmen, on the other hand, need to be divergent and flexible in their approach to the problems that confront them and they are often faced with having to devise and choose between a number of close solutions to the same problem. Which of these two types of thinker is more intelligent? Is intelligence some­thing that may be taught to people? Psychologists have not been able to get close to answering these questions. Most of the work on this topic has been done for practical use than for establishing a theoretical base. So intelligence is the thing that is measured by an IQ test.

Answer the questions:

1. What does the term “intelligence” mean?
2. What is the first thing we need when solving a problem?
3. What is considered to be typical of people who have the ability to cope with the problems?
4. Are there different kinds of intelligence singled out in psychology?
5. Are psychologists certain about the true nature of intelligence?
6. What is an IQ test measured by?

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