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READING

1. Read Text 1 about the key companies on the world IT market and find out the followings:

1) Which of the three companies is the world's largest manufacturer of mobile phones now? 2) What company was the world's largest vendor of mobile phones from 1998 to 2012? 3) What company is the second-largest publicly traded corporation in the world by market capitalization, with an estimated value of US$414 billion? 4) What company has got more employees? How many? 5) When did Apple achieve widespread success? 6) Why has Nokia suffered a declining market share over the past five years? 7) When did Samsung Electronics overtake Nokia by having sold 93.5 million units? 8) What position was Samsung previously known for?

Text 1

a) The Nokia Corporation is a Finnish multinational communications and information technology corporation. Its principal products are mobile telephones and portable IT devices. It also offers free-of-charge digital map information and navigation services through its wholly owned subsidiary Navteq.

Nokia has around 101,982 employees across 120 countries, sales in more than 150 countries and annual revenues of around €30 billion. It is the world's second-largest mobile phone maker by 2012 unit sales (after Samsung), with a global market share of 22.5% in the first quarter of that year. Nokia is a public limited-liability company.

Nokia was the world's largest vendor of mobile phones from 1998 to 2012. However, over the past five years it has suffered a declining market share as a result of the growing use of touch screen smart phones from other vendors - principally the Apple iPhone and devices running on Google's Android operating system - in which Nokia did not take enough advantage of. As a result, its share price had fallen from a high of US$40 in late 2007 to under US$2 in mid-2012. In a bid to recover, Nokia announced a strategic partnership with Microsoft in February 2011, as part of which all Nokia smart phones will incorporate Microsoft's Windows Phone operating system, replacing Symbian. Nokia's current flagship product is the Nokia Lumia 920 and its successors.

b) Apple Inc., formerly Apple Computer, Inc., is an American multinational corporation that designs, develops, and sells consumer electronics, computer software and personal computers. Its best-known hardware products are the Mac line of computers, the iPod music player, the iPhone smartphone, and the iPad tablet computer.

Apple is the world's second-largest information technology company by revenue after Samsung Electronics, and the world's third-largest mobile phone maker after Samsung and Nokia. As of May 2013, Apple maintains 406 retail stores in fourteen countries as well as the online Apple Store and iTunes Store. It is the second-largest publicly traded corporation in the world by market capitalization, with an estimated value of US$414 billion as of January 2013. As of September 29, 2012 (2012-09-29)^[update], the company had 72,800 permanent full-time employees and 3,300 temporary full-time employees worldwide. Its worldwide annual revenue in 2012 totaled $156 billion. Apple achieved widespread success with its iPhone, iPod Touch and iPad products, which introduced innovations in mobile phones, portable music players and personal computers respectively. Touch screens had been invented and seen in mobile devices before, but Apple was the first to achieve mass market adoption of such a user interface that included particular pre-programmed touch gestures.

c) Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. is a South Korean multinational electronics company. It is the flagship subsidiary of the Samsung Group and has been the world's largest information technology company by revenues since 2009. Samsung Electronics has assembly plants and sales networks in 88 countries and employs around 370,000 people.

Samsung has previously been known for its position as a manufacturer of components such as lithium-ion batteries, semiconductors, chips, flash memory and hard drive devices for clients such as Apple, Sony and Nokia. In recent years, Samsung Electronics has actively expanded in consumer markets moving away from its manufacturing roots - marked by new products and increasing revenue.

Samsung has been the world's largest manufacturer of mobile phones since 2011. Samsung Electronics displaced Apple Inc. as the world's largest technology company in 2011. In 2005, Samsung Electronics surpassed Japanese rival, Sony, for the first time to become the world's twentieth-largest and most popular consumer brand. In 2009, Samsung achieved total revenues of US$117.4 billion, overtaking Hewlett-Packard to become the world's largest technology company measured by sales.

In the first quarter of 2012, the company became the highest-selling mobile phone company when it overtook Nokia, selling 93.5 million units compared to Nokia's 82.7 million units. Samsung also became the largest smartphone vendor as a result of strong sales of its Galaxy SII and Galaxy Note devices.

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