Figure 23 - Pressure independent of shape of the vessel

Pressure in Vessels of Different Shape.—Where a vessel has vertical sides, the pressure on the bottom is equal to the height of the liquid times its density. If the sides of the vessel flare out (Figure 23), might be expected that the force on each square centimeter of the bottom in case В would be greater than in case A because there is more water in B. The pressure in each case is the same. The extra water above the slanting sides is held up by the sides and does not press on the bottom. If the area of the base is the same in case A and case B, the total downward force on the base in the two cases is the same. When the vessel is conical as in case C, the total force on the base is the same as in the preceding case. The pressure on the area directly under the top is the same as in the other cases. The slanting walls press down with a force which, when added to the weight of the liquid, makes the force on each square centimeter of the base in case С equal to the force on each square centimeter of the base in case A or in case B.

Liquids in Communicating Vessels. — It is a matter of common experience that liquids seek their own level in communicating vessels. If tubes of various sizes are connected, liquid poured into one of these tubes will come to the same level in all the tubes. This result is to be expected from the fact that the pressure in a liquid depends on the depth below free surface. If points in the interior of the liquid are at the same level, the pressure at these points must be the same, or the liquid would flow from one point to another until the pressure was equalized.

<== попередня сторінка	\|	наступна сторінка ==>
Liquids at Rest	\|	Figure 24 - Density of nonmiscible liquids by balanced columns

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