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Translate the underlined passages.

LISTENING 6.Tomb of Jesus found, says film-maker Cameron

A) Listen to the news report and fill the gaps.

Part 1

TONY EASTLEY: A controversial new documentary, made by Hollywood director, James Cameron, claims to have discovered the ___________1of Jesus and his family.

The document_ _ _ _2, due for release today, has already created uproar by claiming that it has found the bones of Jesus. A finding which, if true, would attack one of the fundamentals of Christianity.

Middle East Correspondent, David Hardaker, reports from the scene of the contro _ _ _ _ _ 3, in Jerusalem.

Part 2

DAVID HARDAKER: For hundreds of years, Christian _ _ _ _1rims have come here to where Jesus of Nazareth was 2 _ _ _ _ _fiedand placed in a tomb.

TOURIST: We only arrived like 20 minutes ago. So it's the first thing to see and to do.

DAVID HARDAKER:3 _ _ _ _ _vers from all over the world queue to see this __________ 4site.

TOURIST 2: I'm from Russia. Yes, it's very important for me. It's for my soul.

DAVID HARDAKER: But the makers of a new documentary have made the startling claim that Jesus wasn't _ _ _ _ _5rected and that his bones have been found in a family tomb five kilometers away.

PATER PELELUM: We show the tomb, which is about to honour, 100 metres below down.

Part 3
DAVID HARDAKER: Father Pater Pelelum is a Greek Orthodox priest who has been a ___________1of Jesus' tomb at the Church of the Holy _ _ 2_ _ _chre for more than two decades.

PATER PELELUM: I serve here 23 years. One hundred per cent this is

3 _ _ _ial place for Jesus Christ.

DAVID HARDAKER: The story goes back more than 25 years, to a quiet

4 _ _ _ _salem suburb called Talpiot. Construction workers were gouging out foundations when the earth gave way to reveal a 2,000 year old cave containing a number of stone caskets.

Israeli 5 _ _ _ _eologists finally 6 _ _ _ _ _hered the writing on the tombs and found the names, which included 7 _____________, or Jesus, son of Joseph and Mary.

The makers of the documentary claim new 8 _ _ _ tests show the bones belong to Jesus and that the tombs show Jesus had a son called Judah.

The evidence has apparently been enough to convince at least one senior academic in America, James Tabor, who is the 9_____________of Religious Studies at the University of North Carolina.

Part 4
But not so, one of Israel's most 1 _ _ _ _nent archaeologists, Professor Amos Kloner.

AMOS KLONER: There remains in the cave show that it was used for several generations, maybe three generations, and we don't know about the stay of the family from 2 _ _ _ _reth for more than a generation.

DAVID HARDAKER: Do you allow even a five 3 _____ _____ chance that this might be true?

AMOS KLONER: No, no, no, no. I deny it completely.

DAVID HARDAKER: Professor Kloner worked on the archaeological find 20 years ago. He never linked the names to the family of 4 _ _sus of Nazareth, because for one thing, all the names discovered were very common.

AMOS KLONER: The name, for instance, 5 "_ _ _ _ph", the father of Jesus, is the most common Jewish name in the first century BC. Jesus is the seventh one.

DAVID HARDAKER: We also have Mary though.

AMOS KLONER: Mary is the most common name among 6 __________ladies of the second temple period^[2].

Part 5

DAVID HARDAKER: They might all be very common, but isn't it 1_________uncommon to have them all together?

AMOS KLONER: Yes, that's right. But if you are accepting this idea, the third generation buried in the cave, or one of the youngest is called Judah, the son of Jesus. Do you know about any sons 2__________were born to Jesus?

DAVID HARDAKER: Professor Kloner says also that as the son of a poor

3 _ _ _penter, it's unlikely Jesus was given the kind of bur_ _ _4favoured by the middle classes.

Part 6

The documentary though has outraged religi_ _ _1leaders in Jerusalem, such as the senior _________2, Father Peter Madros.

PETER MADROS: Anyone who _________3 Jesus negatively is likely to get much money.

DAVID HARDAKER: Father Peter Madros sees the latest documentary as more in the vein of Dan Brown's The Da Vinci Code, the highly 4 _ _ _ _table book and movie which also challenged the Christian message.

PETER MADROS: This person seems to be, as someone said, riding the wave of the Da Vinci. We feel there that there is an attempt to undermine the resurrection of Christ.

But the main column of Christia 5_ _ _ _is the Holy 6 _ _ _nity, and this you can't destroy by finding a couple of bones in Talpiot, or not even in Sydney.

TONY EASTLEY: Father Peter Madros ending David Hardaker's report from Jerusalem.

b) Write your answers for every part on a separate piece of paper for your portfolio.

ISLAM

Islam is the predominant religion in the Middle East, North Africa, and large part of Asia. Sizable communities are also found in China and Russia, and parts of the Balkans and the Caribbean. About 13% of Muslims live in Indonesia, the largest Muslim country, 31% in the Indian Subcontinent, and 20% in Arab countries. Convertsand immigrant communities are found in almost every part of the world. Islam is the second-largest religion in the world and arguably the fastest growing religion in the world.

As a religion Islam is articulated by the Koran, a religious book considered by its adherents to be the verbatim word of the single incomparable God , and by the Prophet of Islam Muhammad's demonstrations and real-life examples (called the Sunnah). Islam literally means submission to God. An adherent of Islam is a Muslim, meaning "one who submits to God".

Religious practices include the Five Pillars of Islam, which are five duties that unite Muslims into a community. Islamic law touches on virtually every aspect of life and society, encompassing everything from dietary laws and banking to warfare, welfare, and appropriate conditions for war. The vast majority of Muslims belong to one of two major denominations, the Sunni (87–90%) and the Shi'a (10–13%).

The main points of Islam are included in these five pillars:
First is the confession of faith known as the Shahadah. "There is no God but God, and Muhammad is His Prophet." The affirmation of a monotheisticbelief and the faith in the authenticity of the Koran that Muhammad transmitted from God.

The second pillar is the canonical prayer. Muslims must stay constant in prayer and keep their lives in perspective. Submitting one's will to God's as it's rightful sovereign. Prayer must be done five times a day (unless there is a reasonable explanation not to). In the morning when you first wake up, when the sun reaches its zenith, when the sun reaches its mid decline, sunset, and before retiring for the evening.
The standard prayer consists of praise to God, gratitude to God and supplication.

Charity is the third pillar of Islam. Islam understands that not everyone is financially equal and the Koran states that 2 1/2% or an annual one-fortieth of the middle and upper class' income and holdings should be given to the poor.

The fourth pillar of Islam is the observance of Ramadan the month on the Islamic calendar that corresponds to Muhammad's initial revelation and his Hijrah from Mecca to Medina ten years later. It is a time for fasting during daylight hours. During evening hours food may be taken in moderation. The point behind fasting is to make you think, to teach self discipline, underscores your dependence on God, a reminder of human frailtyanddependenceand sensitizes compassion by allowing one to share the feeling of hunger.

The fifth pillar is pilgrimage. Once during his or her lifetime men and women should make the pilgrimage to the holy city of Mecca where God's revelation was first revealed if they are financially able. The purpose is to heightenone's devotion to God. It is also a reminder of human equality for all pilgrims must dress in a sheet like garment that does not show rank or social status and allows people from all over the world to worship God without social restrictions.

The social teachings of the Koran are broad and encompass many aspects of Islamic life.

Economically a society's health requires goods be appropriately distributed. Wealth is to stay in circulation and business is to be encouraged as long as the guidelines set by the Koran are followed.

The role of women has greatly improved in the Arabic world due to the adoption of the Islamic faith. Before Islam women were treated with contempt and girls were even buried alive at birth. The Koran still leaves open the possibility of the equality of women depending on the customs of the Muslim nations as they become modernized. Islam sanctified marriage, required that a woman give free consent before marriage, and even included them in family inheritances, not fully but half of a man's, which is more that the previous nothing before Islam.

Racial equality is stressed in Islam. Racism has no precedent in Islam and cannot be accommodated to it.

Regarding the use of force, the Koran does not counsel pacifism as does Christianity but teaches forgiveness and the return of good for evil when the circumstances warrant. Justice requires that wrongdoers be punished to the full extent of the injury that they impart. Islam is not forced on others for in the Koran it is written - "Let there be no compulsion in religion".

There have been many misconceptions about the forcing of Islam on other peoples. Muslim conquerors were very lenientwith other religions especially with Judaism and later Christianity. Islam has reached every corner of the world and even Muhammad has been regarded the most influential person in history.

Adapted from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam for learning purposes.

Exercises

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