ETIQUETTE

The Chinese place great emphasis on “guanxi”, or strong interpersonal relations with family, friends, schoolmates, and business associates. Much deference and respect are accorded those of higher status, including older people. Privacy is limited because of crowded living conditions, and emphasis is placed on the welfare of the group rather than that of the individual. The Chinese place great stress on saving face and avoiding confrontation. It is regarded as ill-mannered to refuse a request, and not performing a duty brings shame not only to the individual but to his or her family and community as well.

FAMILY LIFE

Traditionally, marriages were arranged by families, and even today many people continue to use the services of matchmakers, as well as networks of friends and family, to find mates. In large part because of housing shortages, it is common to find three or more generations living in the same home. When a woman marries, she often leaves her family to become part of her husband’s family in a household run by the husband’s mother. Many adult children continue to live with their parents, again in part because of housing shortages but also because of a tradition of caring for parents in their old age. Perhaps the most noteworthy feature of Chinese family life is the “one child per family” policy, instituted to limit population growth. This policy has been largely successful, especially in urban areas, though it often leads to forced abortions and even infanticide. Because male children are more highly valued, many female infants are given up for adoption internationally.

PERSONAL APPEARANCE

For many years, the plain, drab “Mao suit” was worn by nearly everyone throughout the country, and many peasants continue to wear this style of clothing. Today, clothing is more varied and colorful, especially in the warmer southern parts of the country, where people greatly favor modern, stylish Western dress from brand-name clothing makers.

Japan

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