• Гідрологія і Гідрометрія
• Господарське право
• Економіка будівництва
• Економіка природокористування
• Економічна теорія
• Земельне право
• Історія України
• Кримінально виконавче право
• Медична радіологія
• Методи аналізу
• Міжнародне приватне право
• Міжнародний маркетинг
• Основи екології
• Предмет Політологія
• Соціальне страхування
• Технічні засоби організації дорожнього руху
• Товарознавство продовольчих товарів

Before you read

Discuss these questions:

1) Have you ever done graffiti?

2) Do you know where graffiti came from?

The use of spray-can paint became popular phenomenon in 1969 when teenagers in the poorer neighborhoods of New York began spraying it on walls. The word graffiti comes from the Italian and means something “scratched” or “incised”. Since ancient Roman times, the term had traditionally been used to designate the inscriptions and drawings etched on walls in public places. The first modern graffiti art was worked in a single color and contained only the sprayer’s name and/or trademark. Such signatures were known as “hits” or ‘tags”. Later they were supplemented by “pieces,” or pictorial graffiti. The focus of interest was provided by a word, usually the spreyer’s name, the background being formed by a less clearly definesd space or surface with zigzag contours. These sur such faces were embellished with futher decorative motifs such as arabesques, stars, checkerboard patterns, etc., to which written messages or dedications might be added. This type of graffiti rapidly spread worldwide and became an integral part of youth culture.

Railroad stations, especially trains, were a favorite focus of this activity. In New York, two subway trains achieved a kind of fame: the Freedom train, consisting of eleven cars and created in 1976; and the Christmas Train, a ten-car piece of December 1977. When they pulled into the station, people spontaneously applauded – an event which did not prevent the sprayers from being arrested for vandalism. In the 1980s graffiti began to enter art musiums, works of three artits being featured in 1982 at the prestigious Documenta exhibition in Germany: Basquiat, Haring, and Quinones.

Having studied art, Haring turned his back on gallery and museum art at an early stage and adopted graffiti as what he referred to as a sign language for everyday communication. He developed a very personal touch and style, featuring his characteristic simplified contour figures set against a brightly colored background. These were frequently supplemented by written messages, such as appeal to avoid drugs.

Переглядів: 594