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Read the 3d passage. Say if the statements are true or false. Correct the mistakes. Translate the sentences.

1. Viruses spread in different ways.

2. Plant viruses are often spread by vectors.

3. Some viruses of animals are spread by butterflies.

4. Influenza viruses are spread through the food by people when they cough or sneeze.

5. Noroviruses are transmitted by the faecal-oral route, contaminate hands, food and water.

6. Rotavirus is often spread by indirect contact with infected children.

7. Human Immuno-deficiency Virus HIV is transmitted during sexual contact and by the exposure of infected blood.

6.Read the 4^th and 5^th passages. Answer the questions. Translate the answers.

1. Where have viruses evolved from?

2. What do viral infections cause?

3. What system eliminates viruses?

4. What diseases are caused by viruses?

5. What drugs can help to treat viral infections?

6. What can prevent some viral infections?

Fill in the gaps using the given words.

long molecules / helical / eliminate / viral infections / protects / influenza / protein coat / measles / genetic / complex / prevent / surrounds / antiviral drugs

A virus consists of two or three parts: genes, a _____________ and an envelope of fat. DNA or RNA are _________ that carry the ___________ information. A protein coat ________ the genes. An envelope of fat __________ and protects viruses. Viruses may be __________ and icosahedral or have more _________ structures. __________________ cause diseases in human and animals. Common colds, ___________, chicken-pox and _____________ are caused by viruses. The immune system helps to ______________ viruses. ________________ treat viral infections. Vaccines can ____________ some viral infections.

TOPIC 42. BACTERIA

Do you know that the term bacteria was introduced in the 19th century by the German botanist Ferdinand Cohn (1828-98)? Studying this topic you’ll be able to enrich your knowledge about bacteria, their shapes, habitant and influence on the living organisms.

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