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The Political System of Great Britain

Great Britain is a parliamentary monarchy. It means that there is a Queen (or King) and the Parliament. The Queen has almost no power in the country. Her powers are limited by the Parliament. Laws are made by the Parliament. The Queen is only a formal ruler: she reigns but does not rule. In fact everything that she does is done on the active of her ministers, who are responsible for the royal acts. Thus, most of her functions are symbolic. The United Kingdom is governed by the Government in the name of the Queen. But the Queen has all information, has the right to encourage and the right to warn. The Queen's residence in London is Buckingham Palace. Besides, she has some homes in England and Scotland.

The British Parliament consists of two cambers: the House оf Lords and the House of Commons. There are more than 1000 members in the House of Lords. Many seats are hereditary. The House of Commons has 635 members. They are elected by a general election (secret ballot). Any member may introduce a Bill and ask permission to bring it to the House for the first reading. After the third time reading the Bill goes to the House of Lords. If the Lords agree to a Bill, it will be placed before the Queen for signature. Then it becomes a law. The government is headed by the Prime Minister, who is the leader of the party that has won the election. In Great Britain there are three main political parties: the Conservatives, the Labour Party and the Liberals.

Questions

1. What does a parliamentary monarchy mean?
2. What is the function of the Queen?
3. What rights does the Queen have?
4. What is the Queen’s residence in London?
5. What chambers does the Parliament consist of?
6. How does a bill become a law?
7. Who is the head of the Government?
8. What are the main political parties in Britain?

Fill in the table using the information from the text

Speak about the British political bodies and their roles

TOPIC 61. LONDON

Study the names of London sights

1. The City – Сити
2. Westminster – Вестминстер
3. The West End – Вест энд
4. The East End – Ист энд
5. the Tower of London – Тауэр
6. St. Paul’s Cathedral – Собор святого Павла
7. The Houses of Parliament– Здания Парламента
8. Buckingham Palace– Букингемский дворец
9. Westminster Abbey– Вестминстерское Аббатство
10. Trafalgar Square – Трафальгарская площадь
11. The National Gallery – Национальная галерея
12. the British Museum – Британский музей

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