The types of oxidation

The concept about oxidase’s type

80% of O2 is used for this type. It is also named biologic oxidation. It is a 1-st type of oxidation that is 1 molecule of O2 is reduced by 4 electrons. This type serves as source of energy which need for synthesis of ATP

Oxygenase’s type of oxidation

20% of O2 is used for other types of oxidation. This type occurs in 2 pathways – mono- and dioxygenetic. In the monooxygenase’s pathway the substrate is oxidized by 1 atom of oxygen, other atom is used for the formation of water. This pathway occurs in mitochondrions and microsomes. The formation of metabolic-active forms of vitamin D, cholesterol, bile acids and corticosteroids occurs in mitochondrions. The oxidation in microsomes is named microsomic. It can occur as hydroxylation (in participation of NADPH2). In this case the oxidated product containing OH group, water and NADP are formed. Microsomic oxidation occurs in microsomes of liver. In this kind of oxidation the multienzymatic membrane’s system including NADPH2, FP and CytP450 participate. This type of oxidation is a preventive reaction of the body because the oxidation of different xenobiotics occurs. In dioxygenase’s pathwway the including of whole molecule of O2 in substrate occurs. Usually it occurs with substances having unsaturated bonds, for example, PUFA. The including of O2 occurs in site of rupture of double bond: S + O2 --> SO2.

Peroxide’s type of oxidation or free radical or lipid peroxidation (LPO)

It occurs in 1 electron reduction of O2. PUFA undergo to this type too. LPO is iniciated under action of active forms of O2 (AFO) such as superoxideanion, peroxide radical, hydroxy radical, radical of NO, hypochlorite anion etc. AFO are formed in the interaction of O2 with metals of variable valency: O2 + Fe⁺⁺ à ·O2 + Fe⁺⁺⁺

<== попередня сторінка	\|	наступна сторінка ==>
Table 6 Redox potential (RP)	\|	Superoxide anion

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