Anaerobic glycolysis and its energetic value

1) Glucose+ATPàglucose-6-phosphate+ADP (glucokinase)

2) glucose-6-phosphate↔fructose-6-phosphate

3) fructose-6-phosphate+ATPà fructose-1,6-diphosphate+ADP (fructokinase)

4) fructose-1,6-diphosphate↔phosphoglyceraldehyde(PGA)+ dioxyacetone phosphate (DOAP) (aldolase)

5) 2PGA+2NAD+2H3PO4↔2(1,3diphosphoglycerate)

6) 2(1,3diphosphoglycerate)+2ADP↔2ATP+2(3-phosphoglycerate) (substrate phosphorylation)

7) 2(3-phosphoglycerate) ↔ 2(2-phosphoglycerate)

8) 2(2-phosphoglycerate) ↔ 2(phosphoenolpyruvate)+2H2O (enolase)

9) 2(phosphoenolpyruvate) +2ADPà2(pyruvic acid)+2ATP (pyruvate kinase)

10) 2(pyruvic acid) +2NADH2 ↔ 2 lactic acid +2NAD (lactate dehydrogenase)

Energetic value of anaerobic glycolysis:

If glycolysis beginns from glucose 2 ATP is used for formation of glucose-6-phosphate and fructose-1,6-diphosphate. Glycolysis gives 4 ATP, hence 2 ATP is remained. If glycolysis beginns from gl-6-Ph formed in glycogenolysis 1 ATP is used for formation of fructose-1,6-diphosphate, hence 3ATP is remained.

The importance of glycolysis:

1) glycolysis is a source of energy in some organs and tissues, e.g. in erythrocytes, lens, retina

2) this process is emergency pathway because it provides by energy in hypoxia and anoxia, e.g. in mountains, intoxication, anemia, diseases of heart, lungs, and vessels, hard work.

3) Some intermediates of glycolysis are used for synthetic processes, e.g. phosphotrioses, pyruvic acid, lactic acid cab be used on formation of glucose (gluconeogenesis), liponeogenesis and synthesis of unessential amino acids

Carbohydrates metabolism. intermediate and final stages of carbohydrates metabolism

<== попередня сторінка	\|	наступна сторінка ==>
Table 7 The absorption of monosaccharides	\|	Gluconeogenesis and Cori cycle

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