The concept of hyper- and hypofunction of adrenal cortex

Hyperfunction of adreanl cortex is named Icenko-Kushing syndrome. For this statement are characteristically weakness due to deminishing of usage of glucose in tissues; loss of muscular mass due to increased of cleavage of muscular proteins; redistribution of fat; osteoporosis, decreased resistance to infections; alkalosis; increased acidity of gastric juice and steroid diabetes.

Hypofunction of adreanl cortex is named Addison disease (bronz disease). For this disease are characteristically pigmentation of skin due to increased formation of melanin; decreased level of glucose in blood plasma (1.7-2.7mM/l); hypotonia, vomiting, decreased acidity of gastric juice. The level of pottassium is increased and concentration of sodium and chlorine is decreased

Hormones of adrenal medulla: formation, receptors, mechanism of action, secondary messengars, target-cells, biochemical and physiological effects of catecholamines

Adreanlin (epinephrine) and noradrenalin (norepinephrine) are formed in adrenal medulla. Norepinephrine is also formed in neuron’s ends:

Table 9 Main feature of catecholamines

Features	Adrenalin	Noradrenalin
Receptors	Beta-adrenoreceptors	Alfa-adrenoreceptors
Target-cells	Vessels of heart, liver and brain	Peripheral vessels (vessels of skin and muscles)
Secondary messengers	c.AMP	Alfa1 – Ca, DAG and ITP Alfa2 – decrease of c.AMP
Biochemical effects	Increase of glycogenolysis Increase of lipolysis Ketogenesis
Physiological effects	Dilation of vessels of heart, liver and brain (blood supplying of these organs is improved)	Constriction of peripheral vessels (increase of blood pressure)

<== попередня сторінка	\|	наступна сторінка ==>
Glucocorticoids: chemical structure, target-cells, mechanism of action, physiological effects	\|	Regulation of secretion of hormones of adrenal glands

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