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The formation of AFO

1) NADPH2 + 2O2 (under infl. Of NADPH-oxydase) à NADP + 2O2• + 2H⁺

2) 2O2• + 2H⁺ (under infl. Of SOD) à H2O2 + O2

3) H2O2 + O2• à •OH + ^-OH + O2

4) H2O2 + H⁺ + Cl^- (under infl. Of myeloperoxidase) à HOCl + H2O

5) Arg + NADPH2 + O2 (under infl. Of NO-synthase) à NADP + NO• + Citrulline + H2O

6) NO• + O2 à ONOO• (peroxinitrite that influences on DNA and causes mutations)

The functions and biochemical peculiarities of basophils, eosinophils and monocytes

Basophils: 1) output heparin and histamine; 2) complex antigene-antibody causes the degranulation of basophils (this a way of participation of them in allergy)

Eosinophils: 1) uptake cocci; 2) detoxification of histamine; 3) destroying of toxins and immune complexes; 4) cytotoxic action that means killing of gelmints; 5) participation in allergy

Monocytes: they are converted to macrophages in tissues – 1) recognition of antigenes and formation of immune response; 2) monokins stimulate lymphocytes; 3) proteins of complement system destroy immune complexes; 4) output of blood dissolution factors

The peculiarities of chemical composition and metabolism of lymphocytes

Lymphocytes are divided into B-, T- and N-lymphocytes. B-lymphocytes output antibodies. T-lymphocytes are subdivided into T-killers, T-supressors and T-helpers. T-killers and N-lymphocytes causes the lysis of antigenes. T-supressors inhibit the immune response.T-helpers activate immune reactions.

Table 13 Peculiarities of white blood cells

The peculiarities of metabolism of lymphocytes

1) glycolysis prevails in B-lymphocytes; aerobic oxidation of glucose occurs in T-lymphocytes

2) low level of beta-oxidation due to the lack of lipids in B-lymphocytes and enzymes of this process in T-lymphocytes

3) lymphocytes don’t synthesize glucose, FFA and Gln

4) Gln need for function of lymphocytes: glutamine is used in starvation by other tissues and there is a lack of its in the body. it results in decrease of immune reactions

5) Intensive purine’s metabolism

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