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Classification

Tones are basic elements of English intonation. They are divided into two classes since they are produced in quite distinct ways:

1) by keeping the vocal cords at a constant tension thus producing a tone of unvarying pitch. Such tones are called static (level) tones;

2) by varying the tension of the vocal cords thus producing a tone of varying pitch. Such tones are called kinetic, ordynamic, ormoving.

According to their height within the speaker’s range static tones are divided into high, mid and low with two relevant gradations within each type: very high, fairly high, mid high, mid low, fairly low, very low. Thus the number of tones corresponds to the number of significant pitch levels .

Kinetic tones are generally classified according to the following principles:

1) the direction of the pitch change;

2) the width of the pitch change, or its interval;

3) the relative position of the pitch change within the speakers’ voice range.

The leading role in the differentiation of kinetic tones in English belongs to the first principle. The number of kinetic tones corresponds to the number of directional types of pitch changes.

The most common Falling tones in English are:

_____________________________________________

_________________High Narrow _________________ High Wide

_________________Mid Narrow _________________ Mid Wide

_________________Low Narrow _________________ Low Wide

The Rising tones are:

_____________________________________________

_________________High Narrow_________________

_________________Mid Narrow__________________ Mid Wide

_________________Low Narrow__________________ Low Wide

The Falling-Rising tones are:

______________________________________________

_________________High Narrow__________________ High Wide

_________________Mid Narrow___________________ Mid wide

_________________Low Narrow___________________ Low Wide

The Rising-Falling is

______________________________________________

_________________High Narrow__________________ High Wide

______________________________________________

_________________Low Narrow___________________ Low Wide

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