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Basic Concepts of the GMDSS

The Basic concept of the Gmdss is that search and rescue authorities ashore as well as shipping in the immediate vicinity of the ship, or persons in distress will be rapidly alerted to a distress incident so they can assist in a coordinated research and rescue operation with the minimum delay. The system also provides for urgency and safety communications and the promulgation of maritime safety information (navigational and meteorological warnings and forecasts and other urgent safety information). In other words, every ship is able, irrespective of the area in which it operates, to perform those communication functions, which are essential for the safety of the ship itself and of other ships operating in the same area. To this end each Government Contracting to the amendments to the 1974 SOLAS Convention concerning Radiocommunications for the GMDSS undertake to make available appropriate shore-based facilities for space and terrestrial radio communications services, as recommended by the International Maritime Organization, and all ships, while at se, must be capable of:

a) transmitting ship-to-shore distress alerts by at least two separate and independent means, each using a different radio-communication service;

b) receiving shore-to-ship distress alerts;

c) transmitting and receiving ship-to-ship distress alerts;

d) transmitting and receiving search and rescue coordinating communications;

e) transmitting and receiving on-scene communications;

f) transmitting and receiving signals for locating;

g) transmitting and receiving maritime safety information;

h) transmitting and receiving general radiocommunications from shore-based radio systems or networks;

i) transmitting and receiving bridge-to-bridge communications.

Recognizing that the different radio sub-systems incorporated in the GMDSS system have individual limitations with respect to the geographical coverage and services provided, the equipment required to be carried by ships is determined in principle by the ship’s area of operation, which is designated as follows:

Sea area A1 – an area within the radiotelephone coverage of at least one VHF coast station in which continuous DSC (digital selective calling) alerting is available, as may be defined by Contracting Government;

Sea area A2 – an area excluding sea area A1 within the radiotelephone coverage of at least one MF coast station in which continuous DSC (digital selective calling) alerting is available, as may be defined by Contracting Government;

Sea area A3 – an area excluding sea areas A1 and A2 within the coverage of an Inmarsat geostationary satellite in which continuous alerting is available; and

Sea area A4 – an area outside areas A1, A2 and A3.

In all areas of operation the continuous availability of alerting is required.

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