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PUTTING A PACKAGE TOGETHER

Package holidays, which are also known as package tours, include all of the components necessary for a complete vacation:

- transport to and from the destination

- transfers between the airport / station / port and hotel

- food and accommodation at the destination

- other services such as guide or holiday ‘rep’.

The professionals who bring these elements together to create a holiday are called tour operators. They buy in advance and in bulk from the principles: airlines, shipping lines, hoteliers, and so on. Because they buy hundreds of seats or rooms from the principle, they pay a much lower price for them than an ordinary member of the public. The tour operator then converts this bulk into individual packages known technically as inclusive tours (Its). These are marketed to the consumer through travel agents or by other systems.

In the past tour operators sold almost entirely through travel agents, but today they also use direct selling. This strategy eliminates the travel agents from the chain of distribution, and this reduces the final cost of the holiday package because direct sell operators do not have to pay commission to travel agent. Many smaller tour operators, for example, prefer to deal directly with their clients.

Not all tour operators sell the same type of holiday. The really big operators, the mass market operators, produce low-cost holidays to traditional sea, sun, and sand destinations like Spain, Greece, or Turkey. Other operators limit their product to customers who want a very specific type of holiday. These special operators sell adventure holidays, holidays for single people, holidays for motor-racing fans, and so on. Domestic operators specialize in tours for people who want to have a holiday in their own country, whilst incoming tour operators are specialists in providing holiday packages to visitors coming from abroad. For example, “Vastravel”, an Italian incoming tour operator, sells tours to Italy to people from the rest of the world.

2. Match the words in italics from the text to their synonyms below:

a) change;

b) common;

c) overseas;

d) buyer;

e) beforehand;

f) not married;

g) cheap;

h) fee.

TEXT 2

1. Read the text and define what is meant by ‘old’ and ‘new’ tourism. Relate the following words to ‘old’ or ‘new’ tourism:

high-rise

concrete

package

authentic

long-haul

fly-drive

independent

ecotourism

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