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Юриспунденкция

TOPICAL VOCABULARY

Word-Combinations and Phrases

to tuck away (in)

to remind (of)

to get nasty

to dodge (across, down)

precipitous drop (to)

to coax

reluctantly

to burst into tears

to put one's arms round

to grind to dust

to lie about

to breed discontent

to be trained to do without

to promise faithfully;

to tell straight away

genuinely

to entitle one to

to hover (above)

5. Reread the story very carefully and answer the following questions:

1. Why does the author use the phrase midday nourishment? What sort of food did the people take?

2. What sort of rain was arranged for and how is it described at the end of the story?

3. What did the playing area look like? How does it differ from an ordinary playground?

4. In what terms does the author describe the city and the landscape? Pick out the words he uses and try to analyse the effect they have on the reader.

5. Why was it compulsory for the population to wear dark eye-glasses?

6. Why did Simon ask his father what a monkey was?

7. Why was The Authority so strict on things that might breed discontent?

6. Topics for discussion:

1. How is the distant future described in the story? What is the author's attitude to it?

2. What are the advantages and disadvantages of advanced technologies?

3. What makes the story sad, if not tragic?

4. How is it that technical progress does not put an end to ill-feeling, envy and spite?

5. Give your opinion of the story.

6. Tell a science-fiction story describing: a) people and relations between them;

b) big cities in centuries to come.

7. Speak on science-fiction as a genre (say whether you like it, name the authors you know, the best books or stories you have read, the main features of the genre).

7. Group project:

Split into two groups, work out your project/idea of the city of the future, be sure to specify the following points: a) its design, location; b) community services, sources of energy and transportation; c) population and places of their residence; d) industry.

TOPICAL VOCABULARY

Man’s Impact on the Biosphere:

· to affect the environment adversely;

· to be fraught with fatal consequences;

· to interfere in nature infinitely;

· negative effects of man’s economicactivity;

· to change the biosphere;

· to be overconcerned with technicism;

· to threaten to destroy everything onearth;

· pollution of the environment throughchemical, physical and biological agents;

· to have a disastrous effect on man;

· to become extinct;

· the disappearance of particular living species;

· to be fraught with the extinction of animalsand plants;

· to perish as a result of industrial, urban and demographic pollution of the environment;

· widespread use of insecticides;

· deforestation;

· changes in the microclimate, vegetation, fauna;

· pesticides and herbicides that destroy the flora and fauna;

· to be vulnerable to the destructive impact of man;

· to reach threatening proportions;

· to transform fertile regions into arid ones.

Protection of Atmosphere:

· to protect all living beings from harmful solar and cosmic radiation;

· disruption in the oxygenbalance;

· destruction of the ozonescreen;

· to increase ultraviolet radiation;

· corresponding effects on the sight of animalsand humans;

· to pollute the atmosphere with exhaust fumes;

· bronchial complaints;

· to die through the effects of a mixtureof smoke, fog and fumes

· exhaust gases/fumes;

· natural pollution of theatmosphere (eruption of volcanoes, dust storms, forest fires, etc.);

· artificial pollution (industrial enterprises,automobiles, heating systems, etc.);

· emission of harmfulgases and industrial dust;

· toxic substances;

· radioactive pollution of the atmosphere;

· acid rains.

Protection of Soil:

· waste land incapable of yielding crops;

· soil erosion;

· protection of fields againstthe wind;

· retention of moisture in the soil;

· exploitation of plant resources;

· excessive cattlegrazing;

· protective forestation (waterregulating and wind blowingforest belts);

· soil acidity;

· thelayer of fertilesoil;

· soil pollution with heavy metals;

· agricultural wastes;

· domestic wastewaters;

· low fertility;

· to deplete the local flora;

· incorrect use of fertilizers andpesticides;

· to utilize agricultural wastes;

· to recultivate the lands spoiled by industry;

· the leveling of open-cut mines and pits;

· anti-erosion measures;

· to maintainthe mostfavourablesoil moistureregime.

Protection of Water:

· capacity for regeneration;

· rational use of water resources;

· chemical and biological filters;

· cleansing and recycling water;

· to dump uncleaned sewage;

· to shift to a closed productioncycle.

Noise Pollution:

· to suffer from permanent or temporary hearing loss;

· long exposures to noise;

· chronic exposure to high noise levels;

· to interfere with sleep;

· to result in a feeling of fatigue;

· to cause irreversible changes in the nervous system;

· a growing threat to our healthand happiness.

The Ways of Solving Ecological Problem:

· restoration of the unity between man andnature;

· to turn the material production from a purely technical and social element into a biosocial one;

· scientific understanding of the essence of the relation between society and nature;

· theoretical foundation for solving theecological problem;

· joint solution of pressing global problems;

· a purification plant;

· to build factories beyond city limits;

· to establish special zones between housing estates;

· to plant greenery in cities, towns and villages;

· restoration of forests;

· planning of parks.

TASKS

Task 1. Below there is a list of environmentally sound quotes. Agree or disagree with the statements below. Be sure to provide sound arguments.

· The Four Laws of Ecology:

1. Everything is connected to everything else.

2. Every thing must go somewhere.

3. Nature knows best.

4. There is no such thing as a free lunch (Barry Commoner)

· "One generation plants trees ... another gets the shade" (Chinese Proverb)

· "We shape our buildings and afterwards our buildings shape our world"

(Winston Churchill)

· "Harmony with land is like harmony with a friend: you cannot cherish his right hand and chop off his left... The land is one organism" (Aldo Leopold)

· "The most important task, if we are to save the earth, is to educate" (Peter Scott)

· "The world is a beautiful book, but of little use to people who cannot read it" (Carlo Goldoni)

· "The major problems in the world are the result of the difference between the way nature works and the way people think" (Gregory Bateson)

· "Individually, each of us can do only a little. Together, we can save the world" (Denis Hayes, Earth Day Founder)

· "The frog does not drink up the pond in which he lives" (Indian Proverb)

· "The nation that destroys its soil destroys itself" (Franklin D. Roosevelt)

· "Every human has a fundamental right to an environment of quality that permits a life of dignity and well-being" (UN Conference of the Human Environment)

· "Never does nature say one thing and wisdom another" (Juvenal)

· "The environment is not only more complex than we think; it is more complex than we can think" (Unknown).

Task 2.Comment on the following. Back your opinion with life examples.

In spite of man’s growing power and his increasingly great contribution toward his own support, he still needs earth materials and earth conditions as Goethe said of the artist, so we can say also of mankind as a whole, that he “has a twofold relation to nature, he is at once her master and her slave”.

Task 3. Put the correct word from the list below in each blank. You may use some words more than once: so, so much, so many, too, too much, too many, enough.

Save the Earth!

e are slowly destroying the earth. The seas and rivers are –––––––––– dirty to swim in. There is –––––––––– smoke in the air, it is unhealthy to live in many of the world’s cities. In one well-known city, for example, poisonous gases from cars pollute the air –––––––––– that traffic policemen have to wear oxygen masks.

We have cut down –––––––––– trees that there are now vast areas of wasteland all over the world. As a result, farmers in parts of Africa cannot grow –––––––––– to eat. In certain countries in Asia there is –––––––––– little rice.

Moreover, we do not take –––––––––– care of the countryside. Wild animals are quickly disappearing. For instance, tigers are rare in India now because we have killed –––––––––– for them to survive. However, it isn’t –––––––––– simply to talk about the problem. We must act now before it is –––––––––– late to do anything about it. Join us now. Save the Earth. This is –––––––––– important to ignore.

Task 3.1. Read the following paragraph carefully.

The world’s oceans are so vast that they can cope with the present level of pollution. However, little is known about the long-term effects of such slow poisoning. The most serious problem of modern times is that man is destroying the earth’s natural resources, and transforming huge areas into wasteland. As a result, it is becoming extremely difficult to grow enough to feed the world’s rapidly increasing population. A way of protecting all the wildlife on the earth must also be found as many species are in danger of disappearing completely from the face of the earth. The dangers, however, are not confined solely to the land and the sea. The smoke in the atmosphere, for example, is increasing so much that the amount of sunlight has been reduced in many cities. Man’s whole environment is being changed in a serious way.

For each of the following dictionary definitions write down the correct word from the passage:

1. Birds, animals, fish which are not tame ………………….

2. Keeping something safe from harm ……………………...

5. The process of making something dirty or impure ............

4. Barren area, desert ………………………………………..

5. The air, water and land in which we live ………………...

6. Completely changing in form or nature .....................……

7. Wealth, goods or products people can use ……………….

8. The air surrounding the earth ............................………….

9. The number of people living in a place ...................……...

10. Difficulty which needs attention and thought ..........……

11. Results, consequences....................................…………...

Task 4.Study the following text and do the given tasks.

<== попередня сторінка	\|	наступна сторінка ==>
Сучасні вимірювальні перетворювачі тиску	\|	Tropical Rainforest Destruction

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