The indirect non-recipient object

The indirect non-recipient object is a prepositional object that follows both transitive and intransitive verbs and completes their meaning, The indirect non-recipient object may be preceded by various prepositions.

I thought about it a good deal. Invention arises from idleness.

How would you deal with the problem? I could hardly stand on my skates then.

The formal object it

Some verbs cannot take an infinitive object or a clausal object. In this case the formal objectit precedes the notional object. It is called introductory (or anticipatory)it. The sentence thus has two objects, the formal object it and a notional object, which is an infinitive or a clause. The formal object it may be either a direct object, or an indirect non-recipient object.

1. As a direct object it occurs after the verbs to take, to like, to find, to understand, to learn and some others.

I understandit that you are my wife’s brother. We foundit difficult to talk to him.

2. As an indirect non-recipient object it occurs after certain verbs which take objects with obligatory prepositions: to count (on), to depend (on), to hear (of), to insist (on), to object (to) and some others.

He objected toit that they should be taken to the island too.

There is another use ofit as о formal object: it can be attached to transitive or intransitive verbs to convey a very vague idea of some kind of an object.

I was angry. I made him take the present away. An hour later he returned and we madeit up.

The cognate object

The verbs that most frequently take a cognate object are: to live (a life), to smile (a smile), to laugh (a laugh), to die (a death), to sigh (a sigh), to sleep (a sleep), to dream (a dream), to run (a race), to fight (a, fight, a battle).

He died the death of a hero. Here she stopped and sighed a heavy sigh.

One must live one's own life, you know.

The cognate object is always used with words modifying it, never alone: the death of a hero, a heavy sigh, one’s own life, etc.

Semantically cognate objects characterize the action expressed by the predicate-verb. Nevertheless they are considered to be objects, not adverbial modifiers, because:

a) they are expressed by nouns without prepositions, which is not characteristic of adverbials; b) they may occur in the position of the subject of a passiveconstruction.

He never doubted that life should be lived as he lived.

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Form and position of the indirect recipient objects	\|	Objects to adjectives

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