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Internet

is a network connecting many computer networks and based on a common addressing system and communications protocol called TCP/IP(Transmission Control Protocol/Inter­net Protocol). From its creation in 1983 it grew rapidly beyond its largely academic origin into an increasingly com­mercial and popular medium. By the mid-1990s the Internet connected millions of computers throughout the world. Many commercial computer network and data services also provided at least indirect connection to the Internet.

TheInternethad its origin in a U. S. Department of De­fense program called ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects) Agency Network), established in 1969 to provide a secure and survivable communications network for organizations engaged in defense-related research Researchers and academics in other fields began to make use of the network, and at length the National Science Foundation (NSF), which had created a similar and parallel network called NSFNet, took over much of the TCP/IP technology from ARPANET and established a distributed network of networks capable of handling far greater traffic.

Amateur radio, cable television wires, spread spectrum radio, satellite, and fibre optics all have been used to deliver Internetservices. Networked games, networked monetary transactions, and virtual museums are among applications being developed that both extend the network's utility and test the limits of its technology.

Electronic mail,abbreviation E-MAIL, are messages trans­mitted and received by digital computers through a network. An efectronic-mail, or E-mail, system allows computer users on

a network to send text, graphics, and sometimes sounds and animated images to other users.

On most networks, data can be simultaneously sent to a universe of users or to a select group or individual. Network users typically have an electronic mailbox that receives, stores, and manages their correspondence. Recipients can elect to view, print, save, edit, answer, or otherwise react to communi­cations. Many E-mail systems have advanced features that alert users to incoming messages or permit them to employ special privacy features. Large corporations and institutions use E-mail systems as an important communication link among employees and other people allowed on their networks. E-mail is also available on major public on-line and bulletin board systems, many of which maintain free or low-cost global communication networks.

(From 1997 Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc.)

5. a) Present brief information on Russian broadcasting. Consider the fol­lowing:

1. the main functions of television irrpur country (informa­tional, educational, entertainment); 2. news coverage; 3. kinds of programmes.

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