Text 4. STUDIYING AT UNIVERSITY (IN ENGLAND AND WALES)

If you want to go to (= enter) university, you must first pass examinations that most students take at the age of eighteen (called ‘A’ levels). Most students take three ‘A’ levels (three examinations in three different subjects) and they must do well in order to get/obtain a place at university because the places are limited. At the moment, approximately 30 % of young adults go to university in Britain.

If you get a place at university, the tuition (= the teaching) is free, and some students also get (= receive) a grant (= money to pay for living expenses, e.g. food and accomodation) as well. Students at university are called undergraduates while they are studying for their first degree.

Most university courses last (= go on for/continue for) three years, some courses last four years, and one or two courses, e.g. medicine, may be longer. During this period students can say that they are doing/studying history, or doing/studying for a degree in history, for example. When they finish the course and pass their examinations, they receive a degree (the qualification when you complete a university course successfully). This can be a BA (= Bachelor of Arts) or a BSc (=Bachelor of Science), e.g. I have a friend who has a BA in history, and another who has a BSc in chemistry.

Text 5. POSTGRADUATE COURSES

When you complete your first degree, you are a graduate. (In the US, students also use this word as a verb and say, they ‘graduated in history’ or ‘graduated in chemistry’, for example.) Some students then go on to do a second course or degree (postgraduate course/ postgraduate degree). These students are then postgraduates. There are usually three possible degrees:

MA (Master of Arts) or MSc (Master of Science), usually one year;

MPhil (Master of Philosophy), usually two years;

PhD (Doctor of Philosophy), at least three years.

When people study one subjects in great detail (often to find new information), we say they are conducting/doing/carrying out research; e.g.

I’m doing some research into/on the languages of different African tribes.

school vs. university.At school, you have teachers and lessons, at university, you have lecturers and lectures. When a lecturer gives/does a lecture, the students listen and take/make notes(= write down the important information), but do not usually say much, except to ask occasional questions.

Read these sentences spoken by university students. What is each person studying? Mark the stress on each of your answers, check with the answer key, and practise saying the words.

1. We have to know every bone in a person’s body.

2. I’m concentrating on the modernist style and the work of Le Corbusier.

3. The way we use fertilizers is much more precise than twenty years ago.

4. We’re going to concentrate on Freud and Jung this term.

5. I’ve been reading some books on time management.

6. Expressionism was really a reaction to the work of the Impressionists.

7. We’ve spent a lot of time on American foreign policy and how it has been affected by various domestic problems.

8. You must know this case – it’s one of the most famous in legal history.

13. What do you call:

1) the money some students receive if they get a place at university?

2) the qualification you get at the end of university?

3) the name we give students during this period at university?

4) teachers at university?

5) students when they have completed their first degree?

6) students studying for a second degree?

7) the study of one subject in great depth and detail, often to get a new information?

8) the talks that students go to while they are at university?

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Translate these sentences from Ukrainian into English.	\|	Replace the underlined verbs with different verbs that have the same meaning in the context.

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