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The use of the Possessive case

The Possessive case is used with nouns denoting living beings (people and animals):

A girl’s voice

A swallow’s nest

The bird’s egg

With other nouns denoting abstract notions and inanimate objects the of-phrase is used:

The legs of a table

The foot of a mountain

There is a growing tendency in Modern English to use the possessive
case with the following groups of inanimate nouns:

1) with the names of countries, cities, towns, rivers, etc:

England's history

France's gardens

London's buses

Germany's policy

The city’s council

The river’s bottom

2) names of planets (the Sun, the Moon), nouns denoting natural phenomena when used in non-scientific style:

the sun's rays

the world's history

the moon's light

the earth's diameter

Mars's influence

the river's bed

the ocean's roar

the lake's surface

3) sometimes with names of seasons, years, months and days:

a summer's morning

July's heat

today's news

Tuesday's programme

last year's plan

this year's events

4) with nouns denoting time or distance:

a moment's silence

two-miles' drive

a good night's sleep

a fortnight's holiday

next week’s meeting

5) names of vehicles: ships, boats, cars, planes

the ship's crew

the yacht's owner

the boat's sail

the plane's crash.

6) The Possessive Case is used in some set expressions which are survivals of Old English Genitive Case which was freely used with all nouns in Old English:

to one's heart's content (delight)

at one's wit's end

at one's fingers' ends

in (out of) harm's way

from a bird's view

to a hair's breadth

for friendship's (manners', convenience's) sake

at arm's reach

at arm's length

(at) a stone's throw

at sword's point

at the razor's edge

at a moment's notice

at death's door

in the mind's eye

a baker's dozen

to be nobody's fool

to know somebody for donkey's years

Note. When dedication is implied the Possessive Case is not used.

The State Tretyakov Gallery

The Pushkin Monument

The Tate Gallery

the Kennedy Centre

The Templeton Fund
The Peter and Paul Fortress.

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