Verbal Features of Participle I

The verbal nature of Participle I reveals itself both at the morphological and syntactic levels.

Morphologically, the verbal nature of Participle I manifests itself in the grammatical categories of phase and voice. The category of phase in Participle I finds its expression in the opposition of non-perfect and perfect forms. Perfect Participle I indicates that the action denoted by Participle I is prior to that denoted by the finite verb, e.g.:

Having completed the job, the men left early

Syntactically, the verbal nature of Participle I manifests itself in the following features.

1. Its right-hand combinability with objects, adverbials, and predicatives when the participle happens to be a copula. Cf: Having finished the dress, Mary packed it carefully in a box - object.

Having recovered completely, Ted left the hospital - adverbial.

All being well, we should arrive by - predicative.

2. Its left-hand combinability with a subjectival member indicating the doer of the action denoted by Participle I, e.g.:

Can you see the girl dancing with your brother?

3. The function of realizing the verbal component of primary predication when Participle I makes part of a simple verbal or compound nominal predicate. Cf.:

She is reading a newspaper

It is very distressing to me, sir, to give this information

4. The function of realizing the verbal component of secondary predication when Participle I makes part of a complex member of the sentence or forms a parenthesis. Cf.:

We saw an old man lying on the road

Generally speaking, men can run faster than women

<== попередня сторінка	\|	наступна сторінка ==>
Verbal Features of the Gerund	\|	Adjectival and Adverbial Features of Participle 1

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