Correct these mistakes and than refer to the text.

1. At the end of the 20th century an explosion of indirect connections to the Internet occurred.

2. At the beginning research was the main goal of the Internet.

3. A lot of people connected to the Internet and the large minority were home connections.

4. Computers are dispensable tools for computation, typing, and communications.

5. Engineers can share results between the geographically dispersed team members.

6. People are irresponsible for the documents they author and make available publicity on the Web.

7. If you are willing to find unnecessary information over the Internet you must use browser.

8. A Web server is a program that, before receipt of a request, sends the document requested back.

9. Every browser has the guilt-in ability to understand the HTTP.

10. Search Engines help you to dislocate documents.

5. Fill the gaps with the appropriate word. Then refer to the text.

1. External modem is outside your computer and must be …. into it.

2. Modem …. digital data back and forth for use with analog phone line.

3. A …. is either a workstation or a mainframe because it handles far greater loads than ordinary desktop.

4. With the help of …. you can send or receive electronic messages from anyone on the Internet.

5. The …. of computation and communications is making essential changes to business activities.

6. …. Is used to find the necessary information on the Internet.

7. …. combines hypertext and multimedia.

6. Give the explanation to the following acronyms and abbreviations (p. 223 will help you):

LAN	WAN
MODEM	WWW
FTP	HTTP
HTML	URL

4. A bit of reading practice

The World Wide Web

The World Wide Web is a system of Internet servers that supports hypertext to access several Internet protocols on a single interface.

Almost every protocol type available on the Internet is accessible on the Web. Internet protocols are sets of rules that allow for intermachine communication on the Internet. The following major protocols are accessible on the Web:

E-mail (Simple Mail Transport Protocol or SMTP) Distributes electronic messages and files to one or more electronic mailboxes.

Telnet (Telnet Protocol) Facilitates login to a computer host to execute commands.

FTP (File Transfer Protocol) Transfers text or binary files between an FTP server and client.

Usenet (Network News Transfer Protocol or NNTP)

Distributes Usenet news articles derived from topical discussions on newsgroups.

HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol) transmits hyptertext over networks.

Other protocols are also available on the Web e.g., the Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) allows users to place a telephone call over the Web. The World Wide Web provides a single interface for accessing all these protocols.

This creates a convenient and user-friendly environment. It is not necessary to be conversant in these protocols within separate, command-level environments. The Web gathers these protocols into a system and is the fastest-growing component of the Internet (taking into account its ability to work with multimedia and advanced programming languages).

Hypertext. The operation of the Web relies primarily on hypertext as its means of information retrieval. HyperText is a document containing words that connect to other documents. These words are called links and are selectable by the user. A single hypertext document can contain links to many documents. In the context of the Web, words or graphics may serve as links to other documents, images, video, and sound. Hence, the WWW contains a complex virtual web of connections among a huge amount of documents, graphics, videos, and sounds.

Producing hypertext for the Web is accomplished by creating documents with a language called HyperText Markup Language, or HTML. With HTML, tags are placed within the text to accomplish document formatting, visual features such as font size, italics and bold, and the creation of hypertext links. Graphics may also be incorporated into an HTML document. HTML is an evolving language, with new tags being added as each upgrade of the language is developed and released.

Pages on the Web. The World Wide Web consists of files, called pages or Web pages, containing information and links to resources throughout the Internet.

Web pages can be created by user activity. For example, if you visit a Web search engine and enter keywords on the topic of your choice, a page will be created containing the results of your search.

Access to Web pages may be accomplished by:

1. Entering an Internet address and retrieving a page directly.

2. Browsing through pages and selecting links to move from one page to another.

3. Searching through subject directories linked to organized collections of Web pages.

4. Entering a search statement at a search engine to retrieve pages on the topic of your choice.

The URL, retrieving documents on the Web. URL stands for Uniform Resource Locator. The URL specifies the Internet address of a file stored on a host computer connected to the Internet. Every file on the Internet, no matter what its access protocol, has a unique URL. Web software programs use the URL to retrieve the file from the host computer and the directory in which it resides. This file is then displayed on the user’s Monitor.

URLs are translated into numeric addresses using the Internet Domain Name System (DNS). The numeric address is actually the «real» URL. The URL structure.

This is the format of the URL:

<== попередня сторінка	\|	наступна сторінка ==>
Identification of words	\|	Protocol: //host/path/filename

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