Summary

- Birds are the only animals with feathers. The bird’s most important feathers are its flight feathers, found on the wings and tail.

- A bird’s skeleton has the same basic plan as a human skeleton, but the details are very different.

- Birds have a special stomach chamber called a gizzard, with powerful muscular walls that squeeze and grind the food.

- Birds can see colours invisible to our eyes or tiny details.

- Flight has allowed birds to colonize almost every environment.

- Birds lay eggs and care for both eggs and chicks. An egg, therefore, serves as an external womb, containing all the nutrients that a chick will need to develop. They are expending up to 25% of their energy just keeping the eggs warm.

- The family lives of birds are much like our own. More than 90 per cent of bird species are “monogamous”.

- Birds’ lungs are far more efficient than ours. In birds, air circulates through the lungs in one direction only, thanks to a complex arrangement of air sacs around the lungs.

- Rich, easily digested food makes up the bulk of most birds’ food.

- Birds construct nests of amazing complexity. A nest may take weeks to build and involve thousands of flights in search of suitable material.

- Birds have similar ways of bathing, oiling, and preening their feathers.

Test Yourself

1. What is a bird?

2. Are birds’ feathers just for flight?

3. How do birds eat food?

4. Do birds have a sense of smell or hearing?

5. How do birds care for eggs and chicks?

6. What provides birds’ “lift” to overcome gravity?

7. How much oxygen do birds need for flight?

8. What are feathers?

9. Where are the bird’s most important feathers?

10. How do birds care of their feathers?

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