USEFUL VOCABULARY

Below you will find a wide range of expressions, word combinations, phrases, and speech patterns, actively used in English to structure a scientific paper: to state a problem, introduce material and methods of investigation, when reviewing, citing or commenting on the pertinent literature, describing and explaining experimental data, drawing conclusions and outlining perspectives, etc.

Introduction

General remarks

The subject (matter) of the paper/ study / analysis / research /discussion is…

The present paper /investigation focuses on /deals with…

is devoted to the question /problem /issue of…

undertakes to survey /identify the structure of…

considers what factors/ processes influence…

In this article the author aims to determine /attempts to explain the mechanisms of..

is intended to give/ show/ develop/ provide/ record…

examines the nature/ characteristics/ features/ functions of...

concentrates on/ argue that/ review…

turns to examples of…

Summary lead

The structure of the article is as follows. The first part reviews/ describes/ clarifies/ outlines/ sketches… Part two portrays/ dwells on/ enlarges upon/ shows that… Part three argues that… The final part proposes/ summarizes/ spells out in detail…

In this article the author reviews/ debates the problem (and advantages) of… and argues that… He claims/ demonstrates/ suggests that (insufficient attention has been paid to)… In particular, the author shows that…

In this article, the author attempts to clarify the relation of… and … To do so, he first presents… He then attempts to show that… In conclusion … is considered.

This paper presents a new (complex/ algorithmic/ structural) approach to the study of… The empirical results are described in part one. In part two, the author addresses/ discusses/ characterizes/ comments on/ specifies… Part three turns to…/ presents theoretical results. Part four concludes with a discussion of implications/ consequences of…

This article proposes a new methodological framework within which … can be studied. After analyzing the data, it is concluded that… The results of the study are evaluated and assessed in the light of the problems of… Additionally, … is examined.

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