МАРК РЕГНЕРУС ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ: Наскільки відрізняються діти, які виросли в одностатевих союзах
РЕЗОЛЮЦІЯ: Громадського обговорення навчальної програми статевого виховання ЧОМУ ФОНД ОЛЕНИ ПІНЧУК І МОЗ УКРАЇНИ ПРОПАГУЮТЬ "СЕКСУАЛЬНІ УРОКИ" ЕКЗИСТЕНЦІЙНО-ПСИХОЛОГІЧНІ ОСНОВИ ПОРУШЕННЯ СТАТЕВОЇ ІДЕНТИЧНОСТІ ПІДЛІТКІВ Батьківський, громадянський рух в Україні закликає МОН зупинити тотальну сексуалізацію дітей і підлітків Відкрите звернення Міністру освіти й науки України - Гриневич Лілії Михайлівні Представництво українського жіноцтва в ООН: низький рівень культури спілкування в соціальних мережах Гендерна антидискримінаційна експертиза може зробити нас моральними рабами ЛІВИЙ МАРКСИЗМ У НОВИХ ПІДРУЧНИКАХ ДЛЯ ШКОЛЯРІВ ВІДКРИТА ЗАЯВА на підтримку позиції Ганни Турчинової та права кожної людини на свободу думки, світогляду та вираження поглядів Контакти
Тлумачний словник |
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
DIFFERENT METHODS OF HEATING AND VENTILATIONVarious methods of heating have been evolved and are in use at the present day, and a knowledge of the characteristics and relative costs is necessary in making a selection of the most suitable type for any particular building. There are two main divisions of heating systems: direct and indirect. Direct systems are those in which the fuel is consumed in the room to be heated. Indirect systems are those in which the fuel is consumed outside the room, the heat being conveyed to the room by a medium such as steam or hot water. Direct systems are chiefly used for intermittent heating isolated rooms. They may be summarized thus –
There are many other forms of Direct Heating, such as gas and electric overhead radiant heaters, in which a metallic plate is heated to a high temperature so as to emit strong heat radiation; and gas and electric unit heaters in which air is delivered to the room by a fan and is warmed in its passage through the unit by heated elements. There are also low- temperature gas and electric radiant panels for fixing to walls, ceilings, etc., also electric tubular heaters for fixing near skirting level (see Fig.9). These systems are generally more expensive in first cost than those enumerated above. Fig.9. Three –tier “Maxheat” Oval Turbular Electric Heater Indirect systems are chiefly used for the continuous heating of a number of rooms or large buildings from one central source, hence the name Central Heating. This does not necessarily imply that the heating source is strictly central, indeed it may be at a considerable distance from the building. This class of system finds its greatest application in large buildings of all types. The advantages of the Indirect system are – a)Fuel and ashes are kept outside the occupied spaces. B)Individual flues are not required. c)Cleanliness. D)Equable temperature maintained in all parts, easily controlled automatically. The disadvantages are – a) Heat is lost from main piping where this is outside the occupied rooms. This loss can be minimized by proper insulation of the pipes. B)Labour is required for stoking and removal of ashes. This applies only with solid fuel and can be greatly reduced with automatic firing.
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|