II. 2. Find such examples in the text and write them down in your exercise book.

ЧАСТЬ 2

Laboratory Works

Laboratory work 1.1.

Irkutsk

Part I

I. Read the text and choose the title for every passage or give your own title:

A) Irkutsk Background, Foundation of Irkutsk, First Settlement in East Siberia;

B) Siberian Exiles, the Decembrists, Noblemen-revolutionaries;

C) Sights of Historic Value, Irkutsk Museums, Historical Part of Irkutsk;

D) Sightseeings, Cultural Center, Center of Spiritual Value

E) Scientific Center, Schooling in East Siberia, Higher Education

A.Irkutsk was founded in 1661 at the junction of two rivers: the Angara and the Irkut by the Cossacks under the leadership of Yakov Pokhabov. The capital of East Siberia is one of the largest Siberian citied. The population of Irkutsk is about 600 000 people. It was founded as an outpost near Lake Baikal, the deepest and cleanest lake in the world. Irkutsk has a long and eventful history. Its economic importance grew after 1700 when it became a transit point to Mongolia and China thanks to its favourable geographic position. The status of a province capital was given to Irkutsk in1731 and of all East Siberia in 1822.

B.In the nineteenth century the city became a cultural center mainly because of the large number of intellectuals exiled to this part of Siberia by the tsarist government. Theses intellectuals were called the Decembrists. They were Russian noblemen-revolutionaries who instigated an uprising against autocracy and serfdom in St. Petersburg in December 1825. They did much for the development of Siberia. The Siberians remember everything they did. Two Museums of the Decembrists were opened in the city. Many people visit them every year.

C.There are many other museums in Irkutsk, among them – the Irkutsk Museum of Regional Studies, the oldest of its kind in East Siberia and the Fine Arts Museum, where you can find more than 14000 works of art. Irkutsk has preserved to this day many sights of particular historic value. It has 300 registered archeological and architectural monuments. Some of them are being restored.

D.Really Irkutsk is a mixture of old and new. There are a lot of beautiful churches in the city. Some of them were restored and will stand for ages to come: the Church of Our Saviour, the Epiphany Church, the Roman Catholic Church, the Znamensky Convent, the Jewish Synagogue, the Tatar Mosque and the Church of Exaltation of the Holy Cross. Irkutsk is considered to be the center of culture and science of the region. More than five theaters open their doors every evening for the people of Irkutsk and visitors of the city. Among them: The Drama Theatre, the Musical Theatre, The Puppet Show, The Pilgrim Theatre, the Theatre of Young People and others. The Siberians are believed to be musical people. They are fond of attending classical and organ concerts in the Philharmonic, the Organ Hall and the Musical Theatre.

All the people of Irkutsk love their city, the city of green streets and beautiful squares.

E.The scientific town in Irkutsk was set in 1960 to further the scientific development of East Siberia. The research center includes 3000 scientists and 1000 research workers in nine different institutions: Earth Crust, Earth Magnetism, Limnology and others.

Sixty thousand young people are students of different institutes of Higher Education: the State Railway Transport University, the State Medical University, the State University, the Baikalskiy University, the East Siberian Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the Linguistic University and others.

II. 1. Remember that the names of rivers, seas, oceans, channels, group of islands, deserts, mountain chains, as well as common nouns are always used with the definite article “the”.

The English Channel

The Volga

The West

The Sahara

The Decembrists

II. 2. Find such examples in the text and write them down in your exercise book.

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