VOCABULARY NOTES

law n. 1. rule made by authority for the proper regulation of a community or society or for the correct conduct in life: When a Bill is passed by

Parliament and signed by the Sovereign, it becomes a law.

2. the law, the whole body of laws considered collectively: If a man fails to observe the law he can be punished. Does the law allow me to do it?

Syn. regulation, statute, rule, act, code. Ant. felony, illegality.

define v. 1. state precisely the meaning of (eg. words). 2. state or show clearly: Please listen while I define your duties. The powers of a judge are defined.

Syn. determine, qualify, settle Ant. doubt, hesitate

penalty n. punishment for wrongdoing, for failure to obey rules or keep an agreement; what is imposed (imprisonment, payment of a fine, etc.) as punishment: Smoking is forbidden: penalty $ 5.

Syn. fine, punishment

penalize v. make smth. penal; declare to be punishable by law: to penalize smb. for smth.

Syn. punish, inflict penalty

violate v. break (an oath, a treaty, etc.): to violate the law; to violate smb’s privacy.

Syn. break, infringe (upon), disturb

obey v. do what one is told to do; carry out (a command): to obey an officer; to obey orders.

Syn. fulfil, comply Ant. disobey, violate

justice n. 1. just conduct; the quality of being right and fair: to treat all men with justice. 2. the law and its administration: a court of justice; bring smb. to justice (arrest, try and sentence a criminal). 3. judge of the Supreme Courts: the Lord Chief Justice; the Chief Justice of England; Justice of the Peace.

Syn. judge, magistrate

EXERCISES

Exercise 1. Consult a dictionary and transcribe the following words.

enforce government right

society police court

law guiding justice

violate define penalize

Exercise 2. Find in the text international words and translate them.

Exercise 3. Study the Vocabulary Notes and translate them into Ukrainian.

Exercise 4. Select the word or word combination best suited to the context. Use the Reference List.

Reference List

society recognize

justice defined

law justices

obeyed enforced

violate penalties

1. If a man fails to observe … he can be punished.

2. This system was a code that … personal rights, property rights, contracts, and so on.

3. Law sets … for people who … the rules.

4. In England the High Court … and County Court judges are all barristers.

5. In most societies various government bodies see that laws are … .

<== попередня сторінка	\|	наступна сторінка ==>
ESSENCE OF LAW.	\|	Exercise 5. Find the sentences in the text containing the word combinations and phrases given below. Translate them into Ukrainian. Make up sentences with these word combinations.

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