PRISON LIFE

TASK 1. Read the following text and write down Russian equivalents for sentences given in bold type:

Among the 'pains of imprisonment' that both male and female inmates face are, in the first place, the deprivation of liberty and the loneliness and boredom of imprisonment. Second, prisoners are deprived of all goods and services from the outside world. Stripped of possessions, they often equate their material losses with personal inadequacy. The third deprivation for the majority is the absence of heterosexual relationships. Fourth, prisoners are subjected to vast body of institutional regulations designed to control every aspect of behaviour.

In part this control forms the deprivation of freedom that is the essence of imprisonment, and in part it is necessary adjunct as a means of maintaining security, controlling the introduction of weapons, contraband substances and preventing escapes.

Most prisons limit the number of visits that a prisoner may receive from his family or friends. Visits normally take place within the sight of an officer, and in some cases within his hearing. In many prisons, visits are conducted with the prisoner sitting on one side of the table and his visitor on the other, with a wire mesh partition between them; the visitor may be searched for contraband.

Prisoners may write and receive letters and may make telephone calls. Correspondence of prisoners is usually subject to censorship by the prison authorities, and prisoners may not write more than one letter each week. Privileges include a personal radio, books, periodicals and newspapers. They also have an opportunity to watch television (in many prisons each prisoner has a TV-set), and to make purchases from the prison shop with money earned in prison.

Control of the prison is maintained by a number of disciplinary sanctions, which may include forfeiture of privileges, confinement within a punishment block or cell, or the loss of remission or good time (time deducted from the sentence as a reward for good behaviour). Typically, the prohibited offences include mutiny and violence to officers; escaping, or being absent from a place where the prisoner is required to be and possessing unauthorised articles.

TASK 2. Explain the meaning of the following words and expressions and reproduce the context in which they were used:

• body of institutional regulations

• contraband substance

• forfeiture of privileges

• personal inadequacy

• to be stripped of possessions

• to control the introduction of weapons

• to possess unauthorised articles

TASK 3. Find in the text above the English equivalents for the following words and expressions:

1. позбавлення волі

2. бунт, мятеж

3. увязенний

4. обшук, огляд

5. підлягати цензурі

TASK 4. Answer the following questions:

1. What deprivations do prisoners suffer?

2. What is the aim of controlling every aspect of prisoner's life?

3. What are the institutional regulations for visits that prisoners may receive?

4. What rights do prisoners have?

5. What disciplinary sanctions are imposed to maintain security . in prison?

TASK 5. Read the text and answer the following questions. Write down Ukrainian equivalents for sentences given in bold type.

1. What rights do prisoners enjoy in Europe and the United States?

2. What have you learned about Habeas Corpus and mandamus?

3. Why are the courts now willing to limit prisoners' access to the federal courts in the United States?

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