A Simple sentence (Lat. simplex, single-fold) is one that has only one Finiteverb expressed or understood.
Subject Predicate
The merchant, having much caused all his goods to be conveyed
on
property to sell, camels, there being no railway in
that country.
In this sentence there are five different verbs: “having”, “to sell”, “caused”, “to be conveyed”, “being”. Of these only one, viz. “caused”, is finite, as this is the only verb out of the five which has or could have a Subject attached to it. Since there is only one Finite verb, the sentence is Simple.