Вопрос 40 The evolution of weak verb.

Class I are described used as sources of modern non-standard verbs. ME verbs of Class I took the ending -de in the past without an intermediate vowel before the dental suffix — and the ending -ed in the Past Participle.

Several groups of modern non-standard verbs have developed from the weak verbs of Class I. (1) Verbs like OE sellan and txcan had an interchange in the root caused by palatal mutation in the Present tense stem and

its absence in the other stems (Past tense salde/sealde, tahte.) In ME and NE they preserved the root-vowel interchange, though some of the vowels were altered due to regular quantitative and qualitative vowel changes: ME sellen — solde ME I'so:ld9]> NE sold [sould]), techen — taughte; NE sell — sold, teach — taught.

(2) Another group of weak verbs became irregular in Early ME as a result of quantitative vowel changes. In verbs like OE cepan fedan

me tan the long vowel in the root was shortened

before two consonants in the Past and ParticipleII; OE cepte> ME kepte ['kepta]. The long vowel in the Present tense stem was preserved and was altered during the Great Vowel Shift, hence the interchange[ i : ~ e ] , NE keep — kept, feed — fed.

(3) Verbs like OE settan, with the root ending in a dental consonant, added the dental suffix without the intervening vowel [e ] — OE sette.

When the inflections were reduced and dropped, the three stems of the verbs — Present, Past and Participle II fell together: NE set —set — set;

Class 2 formed a basis of the future irregular verbs. There are some verbs joined:

1.Some verbs of 1 class weak deem-deemed.

2.3 class live-lived.

The verbs of Class II, which were marked by -ode, -od in OE, had weakened these endings to -ede, -ed in ME. In Late ME the vowel [e] in unstressed medial and final syllables became very unstable and was lost. This change eliminated the differences between the two classes and also the. distinctions between the 2nd and 3rd principal forms.

3. All borrowings (unique loan word take from сканд remains in 6 class,).

Class 3 was destroyed. We have 2 classes by the end of this process:

1. Regular (on the basis of weak)

2. Irregular: 1) all remained strong 2) weak 1кл irregular 3) weak 1кл with devocalization in the end 4) 2 remained verbs of 3 class - have, say.

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Вопрос 44 The evolution of syntax.	\|	Вопрос 41 The evolution of anomalous verbs

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